Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapy drug associated with cognitive insufficiency in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been referred to as the "universal antioxidant" because of its unique antioxidant properties. Aim: The current study aimed to inspect the effect of MTX on the hippocampus tissue and correlate changes with the cognition impairment and to assess the practical neuroprotective role of ALA on hippocampus tissue. Material and Method: Thirty two male adult albino were classified into four groups: control group (Physiologic saline), ALA group: rats were administrated ALA 200 mg/kg orally for three weeks, MTX group: rats were administrated a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of MTX (250 mg/ kg) and MTX +ALA group: rats were administrated a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of MTX (250 mg/ kg) in the fourth day and were given ALA in a dose of 200 mg/kg orally for three weeks starting from the first day. All animals were subjected to Morris Water Maze testing to assess the hippocampus functions. At the end of the experiment, all animals anesthetized , cerebrum removed and the specimen subjected to histological procedures and biochemical examination. Results: Our results demonstrated that MTX caused impairment in the performance of Morris Water Maze of rats and biochemical changes in the form of a significant decrease in oxidative enzymes and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) tissue levels. Moreover, MTX caused histological changes in rat hippocampus in the form of degenerative and apoptotic neurons which confirmed by immnnohistochemical staining of caspase -3 and GFAP staining and morphometrical analysis of pyramidal cell layer thickness and pyramidal cell count. Co-administration of ALA with MTX significantly attenuated the behavioural affection and biochemical changes in rat treated with MTX and ameliorated the histological changes of hippocampus tissue.