Background and study aim: Metabolic disorders are the result of an abnormal production of certain proteins which are essential for the metabolic homeostasis like osteocalcin (OCN) which is vital for bone formation. Although OCN is strongly linked to metabolic dysfunctions, its neurovascular protective effect and its metabolic effect on glucose and lipid are still unclear. Material and Methods: 40 adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to one of four equal groups: These groups are normal control, OCN treated, diabetic, and OCN treated diabetic groups. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose and insulin, HOMA IR, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (bp), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukins 1 and IL10 were assessed. Nerves conduction (NC) velocities of the dissected sciatic nerves were measured; in addition to histological examination of aortic and the sciatic nerve specimens. Results: The sciatic nerve and aorta of the diabetic rats demonstrated structural changes correlated with the significantly higher insulin resistance, MDA, IL1 serum TC, TG, LDL-c, AI, systolic and diastolic bp and the significantly lower IL10 and HDL-c than other groups. The OCN treated group showed improvement in NC velocities; metabolic, oxidative stress inflammatory markers and histological appearance of of sciatic and aortic specimens.