Abstract Background: Egypt has H5N1 outbreaks in poultry infecting resulting in disposing from slaughtering of more than million and culling of more than 36 million birds. Egypt has used prevention and control measures such as culling and vaccination since 2006 and more than one billion birds have been vaccinated, but there are no sign that the infection is under control and the government considers the disease to be endemic in the country. Study' aimed at evaluating knowledge and practices of Poultry Workers about Avian Flu in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at El-Fayoum governorate {4 reproductive Poultry Centers in 4 Villages; El- Ameria, El-Ajaband, Karvas and El-Beada and 25 chicken shops for the sale and Slaughter at El-Fayoum city}, our sample comprised 600 male poultry workers, who accepted to participate in the study and working at the selected settings and available during the period of the study. From May 2008 to December 2009, data collection used were structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, the language of structured interviewing questionnaire was a colloquial Arabic; it was in the form of multiple choice questions (MCQ). Results: More than three quarters of the sample (76.3%) aged between 25:↓55 years. Forty seven percent of the participants were representative of urban and more than half (53.0%) of rural areas, 43.1% of workers believe that birds get infected from contacting diseased birds. 13.0% of poultry workers believes that AI can be transmitted through air while 35.7% didn't know the actual mode of virus transmission among birds. All of them have experienced at least an injury, throw occupational time, regarding attending any institutional training programs for work safety, health education or first aid measures, all the worker reported that the institute did not organize such programs to attend. Also, all the workers confirmed that they have not received vaccinations against any of the possible job-related infections. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge among poultry workers about AI, and preventive measures used during and after dealing with Poultry and more than half of them have inadequate practices about AI and preventive measures. Recommendations: Establish health education programs to poultry workers about importance of using personal protective equipment (PPE) such as; outer garments (aprons or coveralls), gloves, disposable foot protection, disposable head protection that can be reused after disinfection. All rural health units should provide health education to poultry workers about how protect themselves and their families from bird flow and used suitable media such as; TV, posters, and prints materials (Q & A booklets, magazine....etc)