Chronic hyperglycemia is linked to either subfertility or infertility among diabetic males. Pioglitazone is one of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs that are selective peroxisome proliferator!activated receptor (PPAR!γ agonists used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim: This study aims to explore the possible effect of low Pioglitazone dose and omega (ω!3) on rat male reproductive function. Furthermore, we evaluated the add!on effect of combined use of low Pioglitazone dose of and ω!3 on reproductive functions in adult male T2DM rats. Methods: Fifty adult male rats were included and subdivided into control and four test subgroups. T2DM was induced in test groups and subdivided into non!treated T2DM, ω!3 treated, 0.6mg/kg Pioglitazone treated, and combined treated group (orally by gavage). Following 16 weeks, final body weight, testicular weight, fasting plasma glucose, and serum testosterone levels were measured. Semen analysis, testicular testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, immunohistochemistry staining for apoptosis marker