An extensive study has been carried out to predict changes in the structure and elastic properties of the ternary borate-based PbO-B2O3-V2O5 and Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 glass systems over a wide range of composition. The structural role of PbO, Li2O, ZnO and V2O5 oxides in borate network has been explored by interpreting the compositional changes of density, molar volume, fractal bond connectivity, packing density and dissociation energy per unit volume in terms of the basic structural units that constituting the glass. The applicability of Makishima–Mackenzie's theory, Rocherulle et al. model and Abd El-Moneim and Alfifi's approaches has also been demonstrated for both glass systems. It has been found that the concentrations of the basic structural units BO3, BO4, ZnO4, VO4 and VO5 play a dominant role in explaining changes in packing density, dissociation energy per unit volume, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio. In compared to Makishima-Mackenzie's theory, Rocherulle et al. model is more suitable for predicting the elastic moduli. On the other hand, the agreement between experimental and theoretical Poisson's ratios on the basis of Makishima-Mackenzie's theory is much better than that is based in Rocherulle et al. model. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values has been interpreted by correlating the elastic properties with compositional parameters. In addition to this, Abd El- Moneim and Alfifi's approaches are valid for Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 glass system.