A comparative study of the structural and magnetic properties for Zn2+ and Ge4+ ions substituted nickel ferrites

Faculty Science Year: 2019
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials USA Volume:
Keywords : , comparative study , , structural , magnetic properties , Zn2+    
Abstract:
In this research, substitution of divalent (Zn2+) and tetravalent (Ge4+) ions into NiFe2O4 ceramic was explored to enhance the structural and magnetic properties. Two series of mixed nickel ferrites, Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 and Ni1+xGexFe2-2xO4, have been analogously inspected. XRD analysis evidenced that all compositions of the two systems were manufactured in a single-phase of nickel ferrite with cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter enlarged significantly for Zn substitution from 0.833 to 0.837 nm, meanwhile declined by adding Ge from 0.833 to 0.830 nm. The porosity rises from 5.24 to 6.81 % with zinc substitution and from 5.24 to 10.27 % with the enclosure of germanium due to the development of intra- and inter-granular pores. The grain diameter was increased considerably with Zn concentration from 1.29 to 6.81 µm, while changes slightly with germanium content from 1.29 to 2.24 µm. The magnetic measurements indicate that Ms increased significantly with increasing Zn2+ ions concentration, but decreased slightly with the addendum of Ge4+ ions to nickel ferrite. In addition, the variation of the relative permeability (μr) with the applied magnetic field was discussed. The initial permeability vs. temperature was measured from 300 K up to 610 K for all compositions. The Curie point was found to decrease with the addition of either Zn2+ or Ge4+ ions to nickel ferrite.
   
     
 
       

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