The agriculture activities in Egypt consume about 80–85% of the water supply of Egypt. Therefore, the food gap will be severe in Egypt in the future considering the rapid growth of population and the expected shortage of water due to the construction of grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and possibly due to climate change. Consequently, the need for this volume on conventional water resources has arisen to help those who are interested in Egypt’s water resources and agriculture. This volume consists of nine parts. Part I consists of two chapters on “History of Irrigation and Irrigation Projects” The chapter “Evolution of Irrigation in Egypt” presents how irrigation is evolved in Egypt, focusing on Nile metering, barrages and dam construction, and Nile embankment, moving from basin irrigation to perennial irrigation systems. The second chapter titled “The History of Irrigation Development Projects in Egypt” presents the stages of controlling the Nile River flow via building several irrigation projects across the Nile.