A new phantom model and attenuation backing from epoxy resin nanosized hydroxyapatite-carbon black and multifunctional agent composites

A novel dry phantom material and attenuation backing from nanosized hydroxyapatite-carbon black (HAP-CB) epoxy composites that can stimulate the electromagnetic wave on human tissue and ultrasonic attenuation backing were fabricated. Good improvements on electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, ultrasonic attenuation and acoustic impedance have been achieved. The effect of HAP-CB concentration on network structure has been examined. The electrical properties (dielectric constant, dissipation factor and conductivity) of the HAP-CB epoxy composites have been characterized and correspond well in electrical measurements of human tissues. The experimental results of dielectric constant have been compared with theoretical predictions. The acoustic attenuation, sound velocity and acoustic impedance as a function of frequency and loading level of epoxy composites were investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.