| Abstract: |
Fungi are associated with a threat to human health, hazard to animal wealth and parasites to plant this fact was established since first half of nineteenth century.In the present study 428 samples of grains feedstuffs were collected from different places at Sharkia province and examined mycologically. The collected samples were yellow corn, crushed corn, rotten corn, soyabean, wheat, beans, poultry ration and rabbitThe result obtained from this study revealed the isolation of 8 genera of fungi from cereals including Aspergillus (86% of corn samples) Penicillium (28.9% from corn samples), Fusarium (13.7% from corn samples), Mucor (17.5% from soyabean samples), RhizopConcerning the identified species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillustamarii,A.fumigatus,A.glaucus,A.ochraceus Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme,Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium diverticillate, Penicillium citrinum But the genera which isolated from poultry ration and rabbit ration were; Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp., Mucor, Rhizopus .Biological work were done on strains related to species of the genus Aspergillus and Fusarium where their toxicity. Strains were examined biologically by using crude fungal extract which did by using cholorform, petroleum ether and water extract.The following biological indicators as; Paramecium caudatum, bacteria as Bacillus megaterium, yeast as Candida, shrimp larvae and also were tested on rabbit skin test were used.In paramecium caudatum test the obtained result were Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani had a moderate toxicity on paramecium but Aspergillus niger and Fusarium graminearum had a weak toxic effect on it.No effect on paramecium was noticed by Fusarium oxysporum.Bacterial and yeast inhibition, Bacillus megaterium and Candida were used the growth of bacillus megaterium was inhibited under the effect of Fusarium oxysporium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. But bacillus megaterium wasn’t inhibited by FusariCandida growth was inhibited under the effect of Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. But other strains had no effect on its growth.In rabbit skin test, Fusarium oxysporium gave 2nd grade of toxicity, Fusarium solani gave 3rd grade of toxicity, Fusarium graminearum gave 1st grade of toxicity, Aspergillus flavus gave 3rd grade of toxicity and Aspergillus niger gave 2nd grade of toxicitIn shrimp larvae mortality test the obtained result were Aspergillus niger gave the highest percent of death of shrimp larvae (80%), followed by Fusarium oxysporum (40%) death of shrimp larvae, while Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus were caused (10%
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