Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, characterised by fever and presence of painful vesicles especially at the mouth, nose and feet. FMD virus exists as seven immunologically distinct serotypes, only serotyp(1) Serum samples collected from 254 sheep in 5 different localities [10th Ramadan (n = 62), Zagazig (n = 58), Abo-Hamad (n =28), Belbis (n = 65) and Menia alkameh (n = 41)] were examined by ELISA for detection of specific antibodies against FMD.The resul(a) 116 (45.66%) and 153 (60.23%) were seropositive against serotype A and O respectively.(b) Seroprevalence of FMD serotype O was higher detected in Belbis (76.92%) followed by Menia alkameh (70.73%); 10th Ramadan (64.51%) and Zagazig (39.45%). The lowest seroprevalence was detected in Abo–Hamad (39.28%).(c) whereas seroprevalence of FMD serotype A was higher in Belbis (76.92%) followed by 10th Ramadan (61.29%); Abo –Hamad (32.14%) and Zagazig (22.41%). The lowest seroprevalence was observed in Menia alkameh (14.63%).(2) Experimental vaccination by bivalent inactivated aluminum hydroxide gel and oil adjuvant (Montanide ISA206) FMD vaccine in sheep.Thirty sheep were used in this experiment and were classified into three groups:• 1st group (10 animals) administrated I/M with 1ml of inactivated oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccine.• 2nd group (10 animals) administrated S/C with 1ml aluminium hydroxide gel inactivated FMD vaccines.• 3rd group (10 animal) non-vaccinated sheep and used as control group.Serum samples were collected from experimentally vaccinated and control sheep weekly interval for 8 weeks then every 2 weeks until disappearance of antibodies. The serum samples were tested serologically by ELISA and SNT.(I) The results of immune response in sheep vaccinated with bivalent inactivated aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine revealed that:(a) Sheep exhibited specific FMD antibodies titers 1.2 log10 by SNT after 2 weeks in one sheep and after 3 weeks in 8 sheep for serotype O and in 7 sheep for serotype A, while all ten vaccinated sheep developed antibodies titer of 1.2 log10 or more after (b) whereas results revealed that vaccinated sheep with the same vaccine exhibited specific FMD antibodies titers one log10 by ELISA after 2 weeks in 5 sheep, while all ten vaccinated sheep developed antibodies titer of one log10 or more after 3 WPV for b(c) FMD serum neutralizing antibodies were peaked at 7 to 8 WPV with maximum mean 1.755 log10 and 1.71 log10 for serotypes O and A respectively. Antibodies were gradually decreased until reached to mean titer (1.275 log10 at 18 WPV) and (1.32 log10 at 16 (d) whereas ELISA results revealed that all vaccinated sheep with the same vaccine showed a maximum mean titer (2.054log10 and 2.059log10) at 8 WPV in serotypes O and A respectively. Antibodies showed gradually decreased until reached mean titer (1.651 lo(e)The duration of protective immunity with aluminum hydroxide gel bivalent (O1 and A/Egypt 2006) inactivated FMD vaccine was 12 - 14 weeks by SNT and ELISA tests respectively.(II) The results of immune response in sheep vaccinated with inactivated bivalent inactivated oil adjuvant (Montanide ISA206) vaccine revealed that.(a) Sheep exhibited specific FMD antibodies titers 1.2 log10 by SNT after 2 weeks in five sheep, while all ten vaccinated sheep developed antibodies titer of 1.2 log10 or more after 3WPV for both serotypes O and A..(b) whereas results revealed that vaccinated sheep with the same vaccine exhibited specific FMD antibodies titers one log10 or more by ELISA after 2 weeks in all vaccinated sheep for both serotypes O and A.(c) FMD serum antibodies by SNT and ELISA reached to the peak level at 12th WPV. Antibodies showed gradually decreased until reached mean titer 1.35 log10 - 1.395 log10 by SNT and 1.699 log10 - 1.652 log10 by ELISA at 32 WPV for serotype A and O respectiv(d) The duration of protective immunity with oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 206 bivalent (O1 and A/Egypt 2006) FMD vaccine was 29-30 weeks by SNT and ELISA tests respectively.CONCLUSION:It could be concluded that:(1) Seroprevalence of FMD infection indicated wide spread of the disease in sheep in Sharkia province. Thus further studies will be needed to clarify the role of sheep in epidemiology of infection and transmission to other susceptible animals.(2) All vaccinated sheep with bivalent AL (OH)3 gel exhibited specific antibodies after 3 and 4 WPV by ELISA and SNT respectively.(3) Specific FMD antibodies were detected by ELISA and SNT after 2 & 3 WPV in sheep vaccinated with oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 206 bivalent (O1 and A/Egypt 2006) FMD vaccine.(4)There were a correlation between the results of SNT and ELISA, even though ELISA can detect immune response against FMD earlier than SNT.(5)Vaccination of sheep with inactivated oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 206 vaccine gave higher long lasting immunity than AL (OH)3, so can lead to decrease the number of revaccination times. Also, three caecum samples from each group after slaughter were taken to determine cecum pH, Ammonia and total volatile fatty acid.The obtained results are summarized as follows:A. Growth performance:1. The final live body weight of New Zealand white rabbit at 8 weeks of age for the different treatment groups were 2230, 2347, 2537.1, 2248.3, 2300, 2236.6 and 2277.5 gm. The result showed that the highest body weight of group that fed on 15% olive cake 2. Result showed no significant difference in body gain but group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme provided the best body gain (233.01) gm.3. Results showed that feed consumption not affected significantly.4. Results showed that feed conversion ratio affected significantly and group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme provided the best value (3.09). Also, all treated groups showed good value when compared with control.B. Blood parameter:5. Results showed that total protein not affected significantly but albumin and globulin and A/G ratio affected significantly.6. Results showed a significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride level and group that fed on 15% sugar beet pulp + enzyme and group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme recorded the lowest value (68.66 , 86.66 mg/100 ml) for cholesterol andC. Digestibility trials:7. Feeding rabbits on diet containing OCM, SBP and dried brewers grain in their ration caused increase in digestion coefficient of DM, OM and CP the highest value were (68.74, 69.44 and 73.02%) of group that fed on15% OCM+ enzyme respectively. Also, all t8. The higher digestion coefficient of CF and EE were (47.63 and 77.35%) respectively of group that fed on15% dried brewer’s grain + enzyme9. The higher digestion coefficient of NFE was (76.03%) of group that fed 15% dried brewer’s grainD. Caecum activity:10. The results showed that the highest caecum pH value was (6) of group fed 15% OCM + enzyme but the lowest value was (5.26) of control group.11.Results showed a significant differences in ammonia and total volatile fatty acids the highest value of ammonia was (12.60mg/100ml) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme but the lowest value was (11.20 mg/100 ml) of group that fed on 15% dried brewer grE. Carcass traits:12. The result showed that the highest live body weight and carcass weight were (2588.66 and 1423.66 gm) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme respectively but the lowest value (2218.33 and 1097.33 gm) of control group. Also, all treated group provided car13. Group that fed on 15% OCM + enzyme provided the highest dressing percentage (54.98) and the results showed a significant difference.14. There is a significant difference in liver, kidney, lung and heart weights. The highest liver weight was of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme (64.0gm) and lowest value was (34.0gm) of control the highest kidney, lung and heart weights were (19.33, 17.15. The highest edible part was (59.11%) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme and the lowest was of control (53.29%).F. Economical efficiency:16. The result showed that rations containing 15% OCM with or without enzyme, 15% SBP with or without enzyme and 15% DBG with or without enzyme provided the lowest total costs required to produce one kilogram of live body weight or body weight gain.Summary:-The experimental work of the present study was carried out in the rabbit’s farm of Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt from October to December 2008.A total number of 56 weanling New Zealand rabbits of 35 day old, were divided into seven groups (8 each). The first group was used as a control and other groups supplemented with different types of feed with addition of enzyme to some groups as following The experimental rations were offered ad \libitum twice daily. Rabbits were individually weighted to the nearest gram every week. At the end of experimental period, three representative rabbit’s samples from each feeding group were randomly taken to studyTen digestion trials were conducted to determine the digestion coefficient of nutrients and nutritive value of the experimental diets.Also, three caecum samples from each group after slaughter were taken to determine cecum pH, Ammonia and total volatile fatty acid.The obtained results are summarized as follows:A. Growth performance:1. The final live body weight of New Zealand white rabbit at 8 weeks of age for the different treatment groups were 2230, 2347, 2537.1, 2248.3, 2300, 2236.6 and 2277.5 gm. The result showed that the highest body weight of group that fed on 15% olive cake 2. Result showed no significant difference in body gain but group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme provided the best body gain (233.01) gm.3. Results showed that feed consumption not affected significantly.4. Results showed that feed conversion ratio affected significantly and group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme provided the best value (3.09). Also, all treated groups showed good value when compared with control.B. Blood parameter:5. Results showed that total protein not affected significantly but albumin and globulin and A/G ratio affected significantly.6. Results showed a significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride level and group that fed on 15% sugar beet pulp + enzyme and group that fed on 15% olive cake meal + enzyme recorded the lowest value (68.66 , 86.66 mg/100 ml) for cholesterol andC. Digestibility trials:7. Feeding rabbits on diet containing OCM, SBP and dried brewers grain in their ration caused increase in digestion coefficient of DM, OM and CP the highest value were (68.74, 69.44 and 73.02%) of group that fed on15% OCM+ enzyme respectively. Also, all t8. The higher digestion coefficient of CF and EE were (47.63 and 77.35%) respectively of group that fed on15% dried brewer’s grain + enzyme9. The higher digestion coefficient of NFE was (76.03%) of group that fed 15% dried brewer’s grainD. Caecum activity:10. The results showed that the highest caecum pH value was (6) of group fed 15% OCM + enzyme but the lowest value was (5.26) of control group.11.Results showed a significant differences in ammonia and total volatile fatty acids the highest value of ammonia was (12.60mg/100ml) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme but the lowest value was (11.20 mg/100 ml) of group that fed on 15% dried brewer grE. Carcass traits:12. The result showed that the highest live body weight and carcass weight were (2588.66 and 1423.66 gm) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme respectively but the lowest value (2218.33 and 1097.33 gm) of control group. Also, all treated group provided car13. Group that fed on 15% OCM + enzyme provided the highest dressing percentage (54.98) and the results showed a significant difference.14. There is a significant difference in liver, kidney, lung and heart weights. The highest liver weight was of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme (64.0gm) and lowest value was (34.0gm) of control the highest kidney, lung and heart weights were (19.33, 17.15. The highest edible part was (59.11%) of group that fed on15% OCM + enzyme and the lowest was of control (53.29%).F. Economical efficiency:16. The result showed that rations containing 15% OCM with or without enzyme, 15% SBP with or without enzyme and 15% DBG with or without enzyme provided the lowest total costs required to produce one kilogram of live body weight or body weight gain.