Molecular Biological Studies on the Biochemical Effect of Mushroom on Mice

Mushrooms have been used not only as a source of food but a medicinal resource. There are at least 200 species of mushrooms have been used for various traditional medical purposes. The most cultivated mushroom worldwide is Agaricus bisporus (button mushroDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common irreversible metabolic disorder. Currently there is not a perfect approach to treat diabetes and its complications, due to variability in the causes of diabetes. Animal models provide a useful tool for the screening of dThis gives me the impetus to study the effect of mushroom on the expression some genes that play a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. A trail to find a possible explanation for their hypoglycemic properties.In the following study we used diabetic animal model to evaluate the possible hypoglycemic effect of two different types of edible mushrooms that cultivated and produced in Egypt on the glycemic state in STZ- diabetic induced mice.Fifty-six male Swiss mice of average age 4-5 months and weight at the beginning of the experiment 25±3 grams, were housed in groups of seven in stainless steel cages in a room with controlled temperature (22°C ± 2°C), a relative humidity of 55% ± 5%, withAfter acclimatization for 7 to 10 days, fourteen mice served as control group (group-A) and they are fed on base diet. The remaining mice were fasted for 12 hours before Intra-peritoneal administration of single dose of STZ at 100 mg/kg body weight. Two dBlood samples were collected after 4 and 8 weeks for determination of serum insulin level. Tissue samples were taken from liver for biochemical determination of GK activity and hepatic glycgogen contents. Samples for Molecular investigations were taken frOur results after they were statistically analyzed revealed the following:• Body weightThere was a steady increase in average body weight (gm) over the course of the study. The increases in body weight show insignificant difference between the STZ-induced diabetic mice fed on mushrooms and insulin.• Fasting blood glucose levelThe blood glucose was significantly lowered in mushrooms feeding diabetic groups and insulin treated ones compared to their control group.• Hepatic GK activityThere is an observed variation in the activity of the enzyme in all groups at the first part of the experiment. In the second part of the experiment the GK activity was significantly increased in all diabetic treated groups.• Hepatic glycogen contentHepatic glycogen contents show variation among groups in the two durations of the experiment. There was an oscillation in the first duration of the experiment while it was significantly increased in diabetic treated groups in the second duration if compar• Serum insulin levelSerum insulin level was significantly increased in mushrooms feeding groups and insulin treated one compared to the control group although there is no significant increase in the first duration, it significantly increased in the mushroom fed group and ins• mRNA expression of silent information regulatory protein 1 (SIRT1) in hepatic tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of SIRT1 was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of Glucokinase (GK) in hepatic tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of GK was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of Insulin in pancreatic tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of Insulin was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of insulin receptor A (IRA) in hepatic tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of IRA was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in hepatic tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of GLUT2 was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipose tissuesThe expressional level of mRNA of GLUT4 was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.• mRNA expression of proxisome proliferating activator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissuesThe expression level of mRNA of PPAR-γ was increased in diabetic treated groups with mushrooms and insulin if compared with their control group in the same duration.