The Role of Ducks In The Transmission and Spread of Newcastle disease virus in Egypt

(1) An outbreak of a disease characterized by nervousmanifestation among ducklings in basateen farm was investigated.NeW isolates were harvested from brain and cloacalbao HI titres not exceed 1: 10.(2) Investigation of natural infectio. of ducks wasieved through serological surveying ot ducks in difterent~itie8.Results revealed low HI titre levels to NDV (1~5-1:10)leracollected from two duck farms at Easateen and Bahtimhigh titres (1:40-1:)20) in sera from a duck farm at~tta.(3) In domestic duoks reared in different villages, therespectively).Car jtene was f Jund thr ou ’..;hJut the yoar in the ser un~f both breeds espGcially durins the BarSG8D season.It Was also proved that 2d~inistratiJn of cod liveroil (5 ol/per os/per dQY) to pre~~nant ewes in the last sta3esJf preGnancy increased the liver vitanin A content Df lantsb~rn tJ such ewes. Moreoverthe vitamin A content of