Hygienic studies on neinatal mortalities in calves

1- To carry out this study 60 pregnant buffaloes and. thir calves were used to s t udy the hygienic factorsLnf Iuaric i.nq calf mortalities.•2- The experiment was conducted at an Egyptian milkingfarm at -Giza belonging to the army. Sera of damswere eXqmined 21 - 30 days before calving and serafrom calves before suckling and 24 hours aftertak).ngtheir dams’ colostrum to estimate theimm-unuglobulin level.3- Bacteriological examination was carried on thedams and calves together with samplesfrom the environment.4- Collected swabs were taken from different sites,teat, interdegital space, muzzle, perineal region•and~faecal swabs, in addition to samples from theenvironment, including bedding, manger, air ofdam’s byre qnd calf pens.