فاعلية استخدام التغذية المرتدة على تعلم مهارات النجمة الأولى فى السباحة

The effectiveness of using feed back on learningThe skills of the first star in swimmingPrepared by :Mohamed Alaa Eldeen Hassan AliSupervised by :Prof . Dr . Tarek Mohamed Nada El sayidProf . Dr . Rasheed Aamer Mohamed AamerThe out line of the researchSwimming is considered one of the water sports which exploit ( make use of ) water as away to move the human body through it through both the movements of the legs and arms and body, to improve man’s effectiveness in different aspects from the mental , social , psychological , skill and physical sides .The holy prophetical year was full of events , incidents situations and sayings which certify the position of sport in general and swimming in particular and the prophet of god Mohamed ( peace be upon him ) said ; ” It is admirable for man to be a shooter , knight and a swimmer ” .Learning prevails ( dominates ) all kinds of human activity nearly and any pattern of behavior contains some kind of learning .Mohamed Ali Elkot sees 2000, that kinetic learning is a process of changing and modifying the individual’s behavior to personal effort whose correctness is related to ( connected with ) building a dynamic system of communication in the brain to form there flexile conditional action ( act ) .Feed up is the process which is connect with the processes of communication and continuity through which the individual or the group realize the adequacy and efficiency of his performance and sometimes the information which the feed back carries leads to changing or modifying the behavior .The importance of feed back appears when juniors learn one of the kinetic skills where the conceit to the new kinetic skills is incomplete so improve their conceit and performance of this skill .More over these information help them to discover faults and determine how to correct them through direction and the sensitive inputs to produce the kinetic out puts adequate to the organs , response as a result of the learning process to achieve the good performance .The research problemRegistering records nowadays doesn’t depend only on the functional and physical level of the swimmer but also basically on the swimmer’s proficiency to perform the skill correctly and the swimmer’s proficiency of the skill correctly will happen only there is a wide base of kinetic experiences and also through the technique or the way are the most important factors in transferring the learning effect correctly for the swimmer .Mohammed Hassan Allawy 1975 thinks that learner acquires through watching the kinetic model of the skill correctly the movement of the kinetic skill and grasp the general shape , The first conceit of its external scene and the true ( actual ) effect of watching the model of kinetic skill at the beginning of the learning process works as an incentive or pack it with the inner power to perform the kinetic skill and try to imitate it and it helps the individual to acquire there quested enthusiasm to enable the learning process to succeed .The problem which faces most of us is how to transfer this experience to others where the process of teaching swimming it self needs correct and gradual steps because a lot of the cases which fail in learning swimming took place because of the false ideas in the learning process .Because the process of teaching children swimming depends only on the teacher’s explanation and then performing the movement model and through the model and the child’s performance where he grasps (comprehends) the performance technique through the model and performing the movement again but this method is inadequate to the age of technology and information in the scope of knowledge and information in the scope of knowledge and learning in all scopes where this method is use less in achieving the wished ( requested ) results .The researcher thinks sees that feed back through watching picture models and watching his performance increases the ability of the kinetic conceit of the skill and the ability to play it back with its precise elaborations and the ability to understand and realize the nature and shape of the skill which lead to increase his self – ability to modify and improve when a mistake take place .The importance of stars is that it is one of the conditions which the Egyptian union of swimming puts that a swimmer can’t participate in a formal championship only on condition that he obtains the three stars of swimming , where kid swimmers at the age of eight years old obtain the first star , ten obtain the third star .Through the researcher’s work in the field of kids , teaching , he found that most teachers teach the kid swimmers skills in the traditional technique through explaining the skill then performing a model and this model may be false and this leads to transferring the skill negatively ( in a negative way ) , and it is difficult to correct mistakes in the next training stages , so the researcher used modern technological aids and techniques in teaching as a try to increase the learners , desires and incentives to wards learning to reach the best level of performance .And through the referential survey , the previous studies and the limits of there searcher’s knowledge , he found that no one paid attention to studying the effectiveness of using feed back on learning the skills of the first star .The Aim of the ResearchThe research aims at designing an teaching program to recognize :1- The effectiveness of using feed back through the learners, watching of their performance on learning the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen , back and chest ) .2- The effectiveness of using feed back through watching the exemplary ( perfect ) performance on learning the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen , back and breast ) .3- Which method is bettor in learning the skills of the first star in swimming .The research A assumptions1- There are statistically correlative differences among the medians ( averages ) of the grades of the before and the after measurement in the first experimental group ( personal performance ) in the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen – back ) in favor of the after measurement .2- There are statistically correlative differences among the medians of the grades of the before and the after measurement in the second experimental group ( the perfect performance ) in the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen- back ) in favor of the after measurement .3- There are statistically correlative differences among the medians of the grades of the after measurement in the first experimental group ( the personal performance ) and the second experimental group in favor of the fist experimental group in the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen – back – chest ) .4- There are statistically correlative differences among of the pristange the after form the before measurement in the first experimental group ( the personal performance ) and the second experimental in favor of the fist experimental group in the skills of the first star in swimming ( creep age on abdomen – back ) .Research proceduresResearch methodsThe researcher used the experimental method because it is adequate to this study by using the experimental design of tow experimental groups .The research sampleThe researcher has chosen the research sample from the participants in the swimming school in El Rowad club in Al Asher men Ramadan city in the summer season which was chosen by the deliberate method from those who didn’t obtain the first star and its number was 35 kids ( children ) ( five were excluded because they didn’t attend regularly and ten to make there connaissant study ) so the basic sample became twenty ( 20 ) kids and were divided randomly into two experimental groups one learns the skill of the first star through watching the personal performance and the other experimental group through the exemplary ( perfect ) performance .Tools used in collecting dataTools and apparatuses ( sets ) used in theresearch1- The Restameter to measure the total length of the body ( by centimeters ) .2- The medical scale to measure weight by kilograms .3- Stop watch .4- Video tape through which the picture can be fixed on the screen .5- V . H . S .6- Colour T.V .7- Pool .The Research and Measures and TestsThe measures and tests used for the equivalence and harmony of the research sampleAn equivalence is made among the individuals of the research sample of the two experimental groups by measuring the following variables , which the researcher considers that they affect the level of learning the skills of the first star in swimming and these tests are :-- Age ( measured by years ) .- The total length of the body ( measured by centimeters ) which is measured from the highest point of the skull to the ground (floor ) level .- Weight ( measured by kilograms ) .- Duration ( time ) of float ( measured by seconds ) .- Breath repression ( measured by seconds ) .The Researcher has used the picture intelligence test ( 1987 ) prepared by Ahmed zaki saleh .The Before Tests and measuresThe before measure is made to the first experimental group ( personal performance ) and the second experimental group ( the perfect performance ) in the last lesson of the teaching program to learn the basic skill of the two swimming of creep age on abdomen and back on Tuesday and Wednesday 11, 12 / 7 / 2006 .The after Tests and measuresThe after measure on the skills of the first star is made on Thursday 7/9/2006 on the two experimental groups through refries registered from swimming Cairo are ( zone ) .The Basic ExperimentThe researcher made the basic experiment and carried out the teaching program to learn the skills of the first star on the two experimental groups from 13 / 7 / 2006 to 6 / 9 / 2006 for eight ( 8 ) weeks , three times weekly , Twenty four ( 24 ) teaching units .The Style ( technique ) of Standard Deviation :1- Arithmetic mean .2- Standard Deviation .3- Curvature coefficient .4- T- Test .5- Improvement Ratio .Conclusions and recommendationsConclusionsIn the light of the discussion of results and in the limits of the research sample there researcher conclude the following :1- Feed back has a great effect on increasing the kinetic conceit to fix the correct performance of the skill components and also it has a great effect on encouraging the learners and the persistence to reach the perfect ( exemplary ) performance .2- Feed back has made a positive effect on improving the level of kinetic performance of the skills of the first star in swimming .3- Training by using video and discussing the coach is more effective than training by using the traditional method used in the clubs of the Arab Republic of Egypt .4- Helping the coaches and learners to recognize the performance mistakes accurately .5- The learning technique by learners , Watching of their performance is the best way ( method ) and the mast effective in learning the skills of the first star more than watching the perfect performance .Recommendations1- It is necessary to use the technique and the program of this research when learning the kinetic skills of swimming .2- Making more researches and studies by using developed teaching methods when learning the kinetic skills regarding swimming .3- Paying attention to using the teaching aids used in the study ( Video ) during the kinetic learning of swimming be cause it has an effect on correcting and determining the level of the skillful performance .4- It is necessary to provide place to switch on the sets ( apparatuses ) and the technicians responsible for managing , switching on and maintaining these sets .5- It is necessary to prepare the coach academically on how to use methods of communication during training .6- The researcher recommends the practical applications of these recommends in clubs especially the skills of the first star and the rest of stars to raise the level of the technical performance of swimming for the swimming kids .7- Paying attention to making comparative studies on the rest of the other sporting activities and on different samples and using more than one teaching method .