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A fungal endophyte induces transcription of genes encoding a redundant fungicide pathway in its host plant
Faculty
Pharmacy
Year:
2013
Type of Publication:
Article
Pages:
Authors:
Soliman, Sameh S. M, Trobacher, Christopher P, Tsao, Rong, Greenwood, John S, Raizada, Manish N
DOI:
10.1186/1471-2229-13-93
Journal:
BMC PLANT BIOLOGY BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
Volume:
13
Research Area:
Plant Sciences
ISSN
ISI:000321274000001
Keywords :
Taxus, Paraconiothyrium, Fungus, Endophyte, Taxol, Biosynthesis, Fungicide, DXR, Taxadiene synthase
Abstract:
Background: Taxol is an anti-cancer drug harvested from Taxus trees, proposed ecologically to act as a fungicide. Taxus is host to fungal endophytes, defined as organisms that inhabit plants without causing disease. The Taxus endophytes have been shown to synthesize Taxol in vitro, providing Taxus with a second potential biosynthetic route for this protective metabolite. Taxol levels in plants vary 125-fold between individual trees, but the underlying reason has remained unknown. Results: Comparing Taxus trees or branches within a tree, correlations were observed between Taxol content, and quantity of its resident Taxol-producing endophyte, Paraconiothyrium SSM001. Depletion of fungal endophyte in planta by fungicide reduced plant Taxol accumulation. Fungicide treatment of intact plants caused concomitant decreases in transcript and/or protein levels corresponding to two critical genes required for plant Taxol biosynthesis. Taxol showed fungicidal activity against fungal pathogens of conifer wood, the natural habitat of the Taxol-producing endophyte. Consistent with other Taxol-producing endophytes, SSM001 was resistant to Taxol. Conclusions: These results suggest that the variation in Taxol content between intact Taxus plants and/or tissues is at least in part caused by varying degrees of transcriptional elicitation of plant Taxol biosynthetic genes by its Taxol-producing endophyte. As Taxol is a fungicide, and the endophyte is resistant to Taxol, we discuss how this endophyte strategy may be to prevent colonization by its fungal competitors but at minimal metabolic cost to itself.
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