| Abstract: |
This thesis concerned with potentiometric studies of some drugs abused in sports.The thesis comprises many parts:• General introductionIt includes two sections:Section (1):Introduction of ion selective electrodesThis section includes a general introduction about ion selective electrodes, classification of these electrodes, mechanism of membrane response, important ion selective electrode characteristics, advantages on ion-selective electrodes, sources of error in ion selective electrodes and finally the applications of ion selective electrodes.Section (2):Introduction of drugs abused in sportsThis section includes a general introduction about drugs abused in sports, history of drugs abused in sports, doping in sport, the international Olympic committee classification of drug abused and method of analysis of drugs abused in sports.• Scope of investigationThis study was under taken with intention of :1. Establishment of simple, rapid, selective and accurate potentiometric procedures for the determination of each of the studied illicit drugs either in pure form or in pharmaceutical preparations.2. Application of the developed analytical method for determination of these drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without prior separation from other ingredients and without interference from the commonly encountered excipients and additives.3. Application of the developed method in the determination of these drugs in biological fluids.• General profile of the selected illicit drugs in sportsThis part includes the chemical structure, formula, molecular weight and chemical name of the selected drugs. Also includes the therapeutic uses and physical properties of these drugs.• Experimental (general recommended procedures)This part includes the general recommended procedures for the proposed method of analysis such as: Apparatus, materials and reagents, standard drug solutions, preparation of ion-pair, membrane composition, electrode construction, electrode calibration, effect of pH, selectivity of the electrode and finally standard addition method, application to serum and urine.• Practical studyThis part includes the analytical study of some drugs abused in sports according to their classification and therapeutic action on the athletes.Part (1): Narcotic analgesicsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrodes for selected drugs as (pethidine hydrochloride, tramadol hydrochloride and nalbuphine hydrochloride). The selective electrodes of plastic membrane type were constructed using different ion-pairs as electroactive materials (pethidine-phosphomolybdate, pethidine reineckate, tramadol-tungstosilicate and nalbuphine tetraphenylborate). The constructed electrodes were used for the potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drugs in its pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids (serum and urine).Part (2): DiureticsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrodes for selected diuretic drugs as (bumetanide and triamterene hydrochloride). The selective electrodes of plastic membrane type were constructed using different ion-pairs as electroactive materials (bumetanide-tungstophosphate and triamterene-flavianate). The constructed electrodes were used for the potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drugs in its pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids (serum and urine).Part (3): Anabolic androgenic agentsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrode for salmeterol xinafoate. The selective electrode of plastic membrane type was constructed using (salmeterol-phosphomolybdate) as electroactive material. The potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drug was carried out in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations.Part (4): StimulantsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrodes for selected stimulant drugs as (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and aminophylline). The selective electrodes of plastic membrane type were constructed using different ion-pairs as electroactive materials (pseudoephedrine-phosphomolybdate and aminophylline-tungstophosphate). The constructed electrodes were used for the potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drugs in its pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids (serum and urine).Part (5): Beta- adrenoceptor blocking agentsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrodes for selected B-blocker drugs as (Atenolol and propranolol hydrochloride). The selective electrodes of plastic membrane type were constructed using different ion-pairs as electroactive materials (atenolol-phosphomolybdate and propranolol-reineckate). The constructed electrodes were used for the potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drugs in its pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids (serum and urine).Part (6): OTCs Therapeutic agentsIn this part the analytical study includes the construction and evaluation of new ion-selective electrodes for selected non-prescribed drugs as (chlorpheniramine maleate, meloxicam and piroxicam). The selective electrodes of plastic membrane type were constructed using different ion-pairs as electroactive materials (chlorpheniramine-phosphomolybdate, meloxicam-phosphomolybdate and piroxicam-tungstophosphate). The constructed electrodes were used for the potentiometric determination of the above mentioned drugs in its pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in case of meloxicam also determined in biological fluids (serum and urine).The results of the proposed method were statistically compared with the reference method adopted by B.P. or U.S.P. and other reported methods. The ’’t’’ and F values were found to be less than the tabulated figures indicating no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision. The results obtained from the proposed method for all selected drugs compared with official and reference methods was summarized in (Table 102).
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