A Pharmacognostical Study of Hibiscus Trionum L. and Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis L. Family Malvacease

The study in this thesis included:I- A macro- and micro morphology of different organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis L. II- A phytochemical investigation of different plant extracts of Hibiscus trionum L.III- Study of the anthocyanins content of the two plants.IV-Study of the oil content of Hibiscus rosasinensis.V- Pharmacological screening of the different plant extracts.I- Macro- and Micromorphological study of Hibiscus rosasinensis: The following characters comprise the main diagnostic features:. The plant is evergreen shrub present in all gardens with monopodial branched stem, attaining up to 4 m in height and petiolated leaves.2. The flower is red in colour, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic and having an outer whorl of bracts called epicalyx.3. The root is tap-root bearing several lateral rootlets, whitish-brown in colour.4. The plant have neither fruits nor seeds.5. The transverse section of the leaf shows upper and lower epidermis enclosing dorsiventral structure and carring anisocytic stomata, glandular and non glandular trichome.6. The transverse section of the petiole shows an epidermis followed by the cortex which is formed of 1-3 hypodermal rows of chlorenchymatous cells, 2-3 rows of collenchyma, 3-6 rows of parenchymatous cells with intermittent groups of lignified pericyclic fibers and continuous ring of collateral vascular bundle enclosing wide parenchymatous pith.7. The transverse section of the young stem shows an epidermis carrying anisocytic stomata and trichomes followed by the cortex and intermittent groups of closed vascular bundles arranged in ring surrounding wide parenchymatous pith. Old stem shows an outer layer of cork followed by parenchymatous phelloderm, several tangentially arranged batches of lignified pericyclic fibers and continuous ring of collateral vascular bundle with an outer cellulosic phloem and inner xylem traversed by medullary rays. The pith is wide and parenchymatous having batches of preimedullary phloem.