A Pharmacognostical Study of Hyoscyamus Alpus Cultivated in Egypt

The plants belonging to the genus Hyoscyamus albus L. are considered as important sourses for the alkaloids hyoscyamine and hyoscine .Accordingly , it was deemed of interest to investigate the plant phytochemically with a view to isolate , characterize and identify its chemical constituents whenever possible . Moreover , the macro-and micro-morphology of the plant was studied in order to identify it in the entire and powdered forms .This thesis include three parts :Part I : Botanical study :A - Morphological characters .B - Microscopical characters .Part II : Phytochemical study of different organs under investigation of Heliotropium digynum ForsskRevealed the following :I – The presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, sterols and/or triterpenes, anthraquinones, flavenoids, alkaloids and/or basic nitrogenous basic compounds, tannins, oxidase enzyme and the absence of crystalline sublimate, volatile substances, cardenolids and/or five membered unsaturated lactones and saponins .II - Determination of the pharmacocopoeial constants viz. light petroleum ( b.r. 60-80 C ) , ether , chloroform and ethanol ( 90% ) respectively .III - Investigation of the different chemical groups present.1 – Crystalline Materials Isolated from the Light Petroleum Extract2 – Study of the Unsaponifiable Matter and fatty acids of the light petrolrum extract .3 - Crystalline Materials Isolated from the chloroform extract .4 – Chromatographic investigation of ethyl acetate extract.5 – Components isolated from the aqueous mother liquor.Part III : Antispasmodic activity .