| Abstract: |
Family leguminoseae (Fabaceac) is considered as the second largest family of the flowering p1aits afler family compositae and is considered as the first plant source for proteins in the world. It is characterized by the presence of many biologically active compounds such as: flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, quinones, rotenoids, benzofiirans, sterols and triterpines beside the presence of some alkaloids.So, this thesis comprises a pharmacognostical study ofa 1)lalIt from this family and belonging to genus Dalbergia which was cultivated in Egypt, namely Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. to perform:I- Botanical study of its different organs to ease the identification of the plant in both entire and powdered forms.2— Isolation and characterization of its chemical constituents3- Pharmacological and toxicological study of the plant extract.I - Macro-and microniorphological study of (lifferent organs was carried out to characterise the plant; as a result the following characters comprises the main diagnostic features1- The plant is a perennial tree with woody erect trunk, compound orbicular petiolated leaves and yellowish-white racemose panicle inflorescence2- The flowers are hermapliroite and papillionaceous; calyx formed of 5 united sepals, corolla formed of large petal forms the standard, two lateral ones form the wings and two anterior united pet;i!s form the keel, androecium consists of nine stamens with united filaments showing free apical part; gynaecium is monocarpellary with unilocuLr ovary having marginal placenta, simple capitate stigma canied on filifi)rm style3— The fruit is legume (pod) containing I to 4 reiiiform albuminous seeds with curved embryo.4- Leaves are dorsiventral with paracytic stomata and IItInICIOLIS covering trichomes.5- Stem is characterized by the presence of parench inatous cortex with peripheral collenchyma, liguifled pericyclic fibres v ith crystal sheath and x’ylem showing spiral, annular, pitted vessels and tracheids.6- The epidermal cells ofsepals, petal ( except at the apex and the upper part ), anther, stigma, ovary and filament are polygonal isodiamctnc or axially elongated, covered with thick warty or smooth cuticle. The cells of stigma, tipper part of petals and the free part of the filaments are papillosed Numerous covering trichomes are present on sepal, style and ovary wall.7- The pollen grains are spherical, oval or triangular, yellow in colour with one germ pore and one germinal furrow.8- The fruit shows an epicarp formed of polygonal cells with straight anticlinal walls and covered with thick warty cuticle, the innermost layer of rnesocarp composed of polygonal cells, each with prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate; the endocarp formed of pitted lignifled fibres like cells.9- The testa of the seed shows epidermis fonned of polygonal cells with straight anticlinal walls and reddish-brown contents, followed by hypodermal layer composed of basket-like cells.10- Prismatic crystals olcalcium oxalate are presents in all organs of the plant accompanied with fibres forming crystal sheath, also they are present in the cells of innermost layer of mesocarp11- Covering trichomes are present on the epidennis of all organs of the plant. They are uniseriate multicellular with one to four short basal cells and a long terminal one, also some of them are unicellular. They have thin or thick walls, wide to narrow lumen, bluntor acute apices and are covered with warty cuticle.
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