| Abstract: |
Alkaloids as well as the alkaloid-bearing plants al ays exhibited remarkable pharmacological activities Two classes of these alkaloids viz. quinolizidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids have demonstrated interesting pharmacological, toxicological and niedicinal actions and uses.The wide range of pharmacological activity of QAs has been reviewed being used as traditional remedies for the treatment of diabetes and different stages of chronic eczema. For instance, sparteine a tetracyclic QA has been used in several pharmaceutical products as antiarrhythmic and labour inducer.At present, the well known hepatotoxic PAs are of increasing concern being a major cause of cattle and sheep poisoning. However, it has been found to possess interesting medicinal properties; some are carcinogenic while others have been reported to exhibit antitumor, antispasmodic and mydriatic activities.Therefor, the importance of QAs and PAs represented in its economic hazard to livestock in various parts of the world and the health hazard to man as a result ofingestion of some herbal, or vegetable species which accumulate these constituents,encouraged many investigator to search for new compounds from these classesIn view of the previously mentioned points it vas of great value to carry out a phytochemical study of some alkaloid-bearing plants containing QAs and PAs with view of projecting the importance both medicinally and economically.Our study comprised isolation and structure determination of the QAs from one plant and PAs from other three plants as well as GLC-MS analysis of their alkaloidal extract.The investigated plants are— Argyro/ohiiim iuiifloruin ( Decne ) Jaub ( Syn (tn.su.s uiu/lorous Decne ) familyLeguminosae, groving in Egypt.2- (‘ynoglossiim of/ici,iule L family Boraginaceae. growing in Germany.3— Lcliium SL’tOSlIIli Vahi family floraginaceae, gro\\ in in Igypt4- Echutin hieniik Desf ( Syn K p’cnmthum Pomel ) tirnilv J3oraginaceae, growing in Libya.This study included four separate parts -Part I : Phytochernical study of /lr’rolohi11n1 unifloruin ( I)ectie ) Jaub. ( Syri.(‘j’tisus uniflorus I)eciie ) fa iii ily I egu in in nsa e.The alkaloidal extract of the plant was chromatographed OVer silica gel column followed by preparative TLC and / or fractional crystaflization to yield three quinolizidine and one bipiperidyl alkaloids These alkaloids were identified as follows:Are. IFaint yellow oil, identified as anagyrine, using MS, ‘H- and ‘3C-NNIR spectral analysis.Arg. 2White crystals, mp. 138 °C, identified as N-methylcytisine, using MS. ‘H- and ‘3C-NMR spectral analysisArg. 3Colourless crystals, mp. 1 55 °C, identified as cytisine, using MS, ‘H- and ‘3C- N1vfR spectral analysis.Are. 4Colourless oil, identified as ammodendrine using MS, ‘Fl- and ‘3C-NMR spectral analysis.A part of the alkaloidal extract of this plant was examined by GLC-MS where 24 alkaloids could he unambiguously identified by comparing their specific retention indices and their mass spectra with reported data The identified alkaloids are. lupinine, smipine, sparteine, 13-isosparteine, I I , 1 2-dehydrospirteine, lusitanine,dehydroammodendrine, dehydrocytisine 1, retamine, dehydrocytisine 11, 17- oxosparteine. a- isolupanine, A5,6-dehydrolupanine, rhombifoline, lupanine, f3-iso- I 7- oxosparleine, N-forrnylammodendrine, tinctorine, cytisine-N-earboxyrnethyl ester, IIallylcytisine, N-formylcytisine, thermopsine, N-acetylcvtisine and baptifoline Besides 3.
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