Effect of Different Ventilation Modes During and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Lung Protection

Pulmonary dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is considered one of the major consequences in cardiac surgery that leads to increase in morbidity and mortality in patients submitted to cardiac surgeries (Andrejaitiene et al., 2004).The Surgical opening of the pleural cavity, with consequent loss of negative intra-pleural pressure, confirms the fact that the lungs remain directly in contact with the room air through the opened endotracheal tube. This factor predisposes to atelectasis, increased intrapulmonary shunt, pulmonary congestion and alveoli-capillary membrane injury during open heart surgery with CPB (Syhr et al.