Aim of the work is to Study the amount of expression of CD34 on cord blood stem cells in babies of normal healthy pregnant females and compare their expression in unhealthy conditions (we choose diabetes mellitus as it is the commonest immunological disorder in pregnancyStem cells are characterized by their ability of self renewal and differentiation into different kinds of cells. The sources of stem cells are the bone marrow, the peripheral blood and the cord blood. All haematopoietic stem cells express CD34 on their surface.4- Radiological study.- Plain chest and heart x-Ray, postero-anterior and lateral views.- Abdominal and chest ultrasound.* Patients with plain chest x– ray abnormality were exposed to;- Chest high resolution computed tomography.*Patients with dilated portal vein more than 10 mm Hg were exposed to;-Echo cardiography: to measure pulmonary artery pressure.5- Spirometric pulmonary function testing was done for all patients.6- Exercise test for detection of Airway hyperresponsiveness was done for patients still having cough with normal chest x-ray, pulmonary function tests and HRCT.7- Patients with normal chest x-ray, HRCT, pulmonary function tests, or exercise test but still complaining of chest symptoms such as cough and/or dyspnea were exposed to fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected for cytological examination.8- Diagnosis of pleural effusion by:-Chest radiography through Plain chest x-Ray and Chest ultrasound.- Diagnostic thoracentesis an.