cholelithiasis in children

the work aim To review the literature about cholelithiasis in children concerning incidence, prevalence, aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, investigation and treatment. Cholelithiasis is considered as an uncommon condition in children.With increasing use of ultrasonography in children and infants, anincreasing number of cases with gallstone disease in younger populationare being reported.The frequency of pediatric gallstones, documented in studies inwhich patients were selected according to initial symptoms, resulted inprevalence’s between 0.13% and 0.22%.The majority of gall stones in children are believed to be idiopathicand several series suggest that only 20% of gallstones are related tohematological diseases.The risk factors for the condition include total parenteral nutrition,ileal resection and ileal disorders, cystic fibrosis, family history of gallstones, biliary tract anomalies, and medications as (cyclosporine,ceftriaxone).%.