| Abstract: |
Degenerative lumbosacral spondylolisthesis is the forward displacementof a proximal vertebra in relation to its subjacent vertebra in associationwith an intact neural arch, and in the presence of degenerative changes.-1Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs six times more commonly inwomen than in men, six to nine mes more frequently at the L4-L5interspace and followed in descending order of occurrence by the L3-4,the L2-3, and the L5-Sl interspaces. (35)The treatment of DLSS usually starts conservatively (non-operatively)by; activity modification, medications (anti-inflammatory medications,analgesics, muscle relaxants, and combination of drugs), and PhysicalTherapy. (5)Special features indicate the necessity for operative interventionincluding the following options: decompression alone(92), decompressionand noninstrumented posterolateral fusion(101), decompression andposterolateral fusion with instrumentation (102), posterior pedicle screwfixation alone (55), posterior lumbar interbody fusion or anteriorinterbody fusion(99), fusion with transforaminal lumbar interbodyfusion(116), fusion with biologics(133), and the application of motionsparingtechnologies (dynamic staDegenerative lumbosacral spondylolisthesis is the forward displacementof a proximal vertebra in relation to its subjacent vertebra in associationwith an intact neural arch, and in the presence of degenerative changes.-1Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs six times more commonly inwomen than in men, six to nine mes more frequently at the L4-L5interspace and followed in descending order of occurrence by the L3-4,the L2-3, and the L5-Sl interspaces. (35)The treatment of DLSS usually starts conservatively (non-operatively)by; activity modification, medications (anti-inflammatory medications,analgesics, muscle relaxants, and combination of drugs), and PhysicalTherapy. (5)Special features indicate the necessity for operative interventionincluding the following options: decompression alone(92), decompressionand noninstrumented posterolateral fusion(101), decompression andposterolateral fusion with instrumentation (102), posterior pedicle screwfixation alone (55), posterior lumbar interbody fusion or anteriorinterbody fusion(99), fusion with transforaminal lumbar interbodyfusion(116), fusion with biologics(133), and the application of motionsparingtechnologies (dynamic stabilizatiobilizatio
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