Congenital anomalies of the respiratory system in human

The respiratory system structurally consists of two portions: the upper respiratory system, which includes nose, pharynx and associated structures ,and the lower respiratory system which includes larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Anomalies may affect any part of it and they are important causes of morbidity in infants, children, and even adults. Despite the apparently similar presentations of anomalies of the nose, these anomalies vary in their nature and position and classified into four categories include:Type I - Hypoplasia and atrophyType II - Hyperplasia and duplicationsType III - CleftsType IV - Neoplasms and vascular anomalies.