immuno-histopathology of chronic adenoiditis in children with bronchial asthma

Waldeyer’s ring is lymphoid tissue and consists of the pharyngeal tonsil or, what we usually call, the adenoids superiorly, the two palatine tonsils located at the entrance of the oropharynx laterally and inferiorly the lingual tonsils located at the base of the tongue.The involution of this lymphoid tissue begins around puberty and in old age there is very little lymphoid tissue remaining. The cause of the involution of the Waldeyer’s ring is not known. The Waldeyer’s ring is most prominent during childhood, when the size of the oro-nasopharyngeal space is not yet fully developed.Human adenoids are of the largest components of Waldeyer’s ring. They are located at the entrance of the respiratory tract and represent the first site of contact with a variety of micro-organisms and other antigenic substances present in inhaled air.Adenoids are liable to inflammatory changes and frequently are infected concomitantly with the tonsils. Chronic adenoiditis may result from repeated acute attacks or from persistent infection. Adenoid hypertrophy is defined as an enlargement of the adenoids which may be simple or inflammatory and the symptoms may be referable to hypertrophy, infection or both.The hypertrophic adenoids may affect the child in many ways resulting in: eustachian tube dysfunction; otitis media; rhino-sinusitis; obstructive sleep apnea; facial growth abnormalities; swallowing problems; reduced ability to smell and taste; speech problems and affect overall quality of life.