| Abstract: |
Laser is an acronym that stands for light ,!!mplification by the ~timulated~mission of radiation. Laser is a type of electromagnetic radiation. Laser light have 3primary properties that differentiate it from natural light: monochromaticemission,collimationand coherence.A laser primarily consists of three main components: an active medium, apower source or a laser pump, and an optical chamber. Besides these majorcomponents of the laser, it must contain a cooling system, delivery system, controlunit, and a remote control. Delivery systems are important in the selection of a laser.Examples of delivery systems are optical fibers which transmit laser energy fromthe generator to the target in order to be utilized. The ideal laser transmissionfiber is bio-cornpatible, durable, inexpensive, reusable, flexible, and capableof transmission at high power levels.The concept of stimulated emission of radiation is the one used in thecreation of a laser. Although stimulated emission is the main source of laser energy,the energy of stimulated emission needs to be amplified to produce an intense beam.When the laser pump activates the active medium, the active medium starts havingmore atoms in an excited state. As atoms in the excited state release photons, thisinduces the emission of the photons from other atoms through a chain reaction.Lasers are named after the excitable medium that emits the specificwavelength. The excitable medium may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Commonexamples are doped rods based on yttrium:aluminium: garnet CYAG), so thatNd:YAG is YAG doped by neodymium, while Ho:YAG is YAG doped by holmium.The external energy source to excite the medium may be electronic, chemical, orlight.
|
|
|