Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital Tract in Human

congenital Fallopian tube developmental abnormalities are rare. They includ unilateral or bilateral Fallopian tube agenesis, missing segment or narrowing of the tube. Ectopic location can also occures including retroperitoneally in the inguinal area, near the splenic flexure of the descending colon, and in the iliac fossa. Absent segments or atresia of the Fallopian tubes or unilateral absence of the Fallopian tube and ovary have been reported to be associated with a transverse vaginal septum.Congenital uterine anomalies, resulting from Mullerian fusion defects, are the most common malformations of the reproductive system observed in 3- 5% of the general population, but the frequency increases by 5 to 25% in women with recurrent miscarriages, late abortions and preterm deliveries.Congenital malformations of the vagina include 3 categories: remnant cyst, obstructive outflow tract disorders and congenital absence of the vagina. Vaginal malformations can be the result of either Mullerian duct anomalies and/or urogenital sinus malformations in the developing embryo. They can include: vaginal atresia, vaginal septa and vaginal duplication which occurs frequently with duplication anomalies of the uterus.Many anomalies of the vulva are caused by disturbances of sexual differentiation, which lead to an ambiguous appearance of the external genitalia. Other vulval defects can include labial fusion, labial hypertrophy and hypoplasia. Double clitoris, clitoral hypertrophy and clitoral agenesis can also occur. Vascular malformations and vulval mammary tissue are also reported.