| Abstract: |
The pattern of neonatal apnea in a certain neonate is affected by a wide range of determining factors. These include Prematurity ,CNS , CVS, Respiratory , GIT , Metabolic ,Hematological factorsApnea is one of the common Respiratory problems Apnea is pathologic (an apneic spell) when absent air fow is prolonged (usually 20 seconds or more) or accompanied by bradycardia (heart rare 100 beats per minute) or cyanosis Apnea can begin in the first week of life and can last until the day of discharge or beyond. The more immature the baby is, The more frequent apneic spell The diagnosis of apnea of depends mainly on the exclusive criteria of other causes. Apnea is classified as central, obstructive or mixed The hypothesis that apnea is a cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is attractive because the neonate does not Struggle to resume breathing. The fundamental principles for managing apnea include monitoring the infant closely while instituting supportive care measures such as tactile stimulation, continuous positive airway pressure, pharmacological therapy may be used to stimulate breathing Methylxanthines are effective in reducing the number of apneic attacks when used alone or in conjunction with mechanical ventilation from the 2nd to 7th day of life Caffeine is the initial drug of choice, intravenous doxapram might reduce apnea within the first 48 hours of treatment Inhalation of carbon dioxide gas decreases the frequency of apnea, improves oxygenation and increases ventilation. Low flow supplemental oxygen has shown to be beneficial in management In the current study we aimed to study the relation between neonatal apnea and other diseases. Our study included 100 cases who were classified into 4 main groups - Sex group -Male constituting 64 % of the studied cases - Female constituting 36 % of the studied casesAge group - 1 day constituting 74 % of the studied cases - 1 day constituting 26 % of the studied cases -Weight group 1 kg constituting 6 % of the studied cases - 1 - 1.5 kg constituting 48 % of the studied cases - 1.5 - 2.5 kg constituting 20 % of the studied cases - ≥ 2.5 kg constituting 26 % of the studied cases -Primary disease - Premature neonate group constituting 60 % of the studied cases -Hypoxic-Ischemic group constituting 16 % of the studied cases most cases are of grade II - Respiratory distress group constituting 60 % of the studied cases - Gastro -oesophageal reflux disease group constituting 2 % of the studied cases - Neonatal sepsis group constituting 4 % of the studied cases Concerning neonatal apnea and prematurity, 60% of the studied cases are positive while 40% are negative Concerning neonatal apnea and hypoxic-ischemic, 16% of the studied cases are positive while 84% are negative Concerning neonatal apnea and respiratory distress, 60% of the studied cases are positive while 40% are negative Concerning neonatal apnea and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 2% of the studied cases are positive while 98% are negative Concerning neonatal apnea and Neonatal sepsis, 4% of the studied cases are positive while 96 % are negative In general, this study shows high relationship between neonatal apnea and neonatal age, weight, prematurity, respiratory distress, and to lesser extent to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy , gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and neonatal sepsis.
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