| Abstract: |
The term (clubfoot) refers to a congenital foot deformity characterized by equinus of the hindfoot and adduction of the midfoot and forefoot with varus through the subtalar joint complex. There is also a cavus deformityClubfoot occurs in one in 1000 live births and is one of the most common birth defects involving the musculoskeletal system.The etiology of the condition has been little studied and is poorly understood. Neurological, muscular, bony, connective tissue and vascular mechanisms have been proposed.The pathoanatomy of the clubfoot must be thoroughly understood before the manipulation and reduction make sense. The talus is locked in equinus in the ankle mortise by the tight Achilles tendon. The tarsal bones distal to the talus (calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular) are adducted and inverted. The forefoot has a cavus position as a result of pronation on the rearfoot, mainly because of plantarflexion of the first metatarsal.The aim of management is to correct the deformity early and fully, and maintain correction with growth until skeletal maturity; this should result in a flexible, pain-free plantigrade foot.
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