| Abstract: |
Hypospadias is defined as an incomplete virilization of the genital tubercle leading to an ectopic opening of the urethra on the ventral aspect of the penis, any where from the glans to the perineum with or without ventral curvature and a ventral preputial defect with incidence around (1-250). Hypospadias is divided into anterior (glanular and subcoronal 50%), middle (Distal penile, mid-shaft, and proximal penile 30%) and posterior (Penoscrotal, scrotal and perineal 20%).Preoperative preparation includes timing of the operation, examination of the penis, for size, shape of the glans, location and size of the meatus, urethral plate, severity of hypospadias, length of hypoplastic urethra, chordee and its severity, size of dorsal hood, shape of the scrotum. Also searching for associated anomalies.Goals of repair are to achieve a straight penis, with the meatus at the tip, uninterrupted urinary flow, good cosmesis, and self confidence of the child, together with satisfactory sexual function. This could be achieved by meatoplasty, glanuloplasty, orthoplasty, urethroplasty, skin coverage.Cautious intraoperative manipulation, postoperative care and follow-up on the degree of success of hypospadias repair.Future of hypospadiology is directed toward the new innovative techniques and use of developments in biotechnology like LASER soldering, robotics, and tissue engineering. Though many new concepts and innovations have been added, but the importances of current techniques are not going to be obsolete suddenly.
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