| Abstract: |
This essay aimed at reviewing the literature of the update of thrombocytopenia purpura regarding its pathophysiology, its variable clinical presentations,its variable causes; the most importance of which is immune thrombocytopenia purpura, its recent diagnostic criteria, its investigations, and its variable lines of treatment; Corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin, and splenectomy remain mainstays of treatment; however, newer therapies including rituximab and the thrombopoietin receptor agonists are remodeling conventional treatment algorithms. Last year(2008), the FDA approved the first two thrombopoietin receptor agonists — injectable romiplostim (Nplate) and oral eltrombopag (Promacta). Both stimulate platelet production. Individuals infected with HCV are at an increased risk for ITP. H. pylori plays a central role in the etiology of chronic ITP in certain parts of the world, where eradication of this bacterium reverses the ITP in about 50% of cases. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a hypercoagulable state and thrombosis rather than bleeding. Some drug-induced disorders, such as aplastic anemia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, result in thrombocytopenia along with other cytopenias as well as organ involvement.Keywords : Thrombocytopenia- Thrombopoiesis- Megakaryocytes- Thrombopoietin- Aplastic anemia- Pseudothrombocytopenia- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura- Romiplostim (Nplate)- Eltrombopag (Promacta)- HCV and ITP- H.pylori and ITP- Drug-induced thrombocytopenia- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura- Hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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