Management of neonatal hydronephrosis

The introduction of fetal ultrasonography has allowed for the detection of many intrauterine anomalies. Indeed, most anomalies are detected during routine fetal US done at 18-20 weeks gestation. Urinary tract anomalies are particularly readily identified. Of these, hydronephrosis is the most common, comprising 50% of congenital malformations. Fetal hydronephrosis is found in 0.59% to 1.4% of fetuses. However, hydronephrosis does not necessarily translate into obstruction. Moreover, many cases of neonatal hydronephrosis improve or resolve spontaneously without surgical intervention. The dilemma becomes which renal units would best be operated on and which can be observed. (Riccabona, 2007)The aim of this study is to review the literature about neonatal hydronephrosis and its management .