Fluid, electrolyte and nutrition management of newborn

Background: Fluid, electrolytes and nutrition management is the first challenge of pediatrician specially in new born as this period considered as temporary period, in which great events is occurred. So, recognition of body water and physiological mechanisms of its control and electrolyte physiology and relation to renal function and water loss. Fluid management is having a good relationship to body weight and age by days as IWL is different from day to other and from weight to other. In special conditions, we should have a special consideration for fluid managament especially in renal failure, perinatal asphyxia and extremely low birth weight. Electrolytes have a great importance in neonatal life as its disturbance can cause many problems. Main electrolytes are sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Nutrition of neonates has a great importance as rate of growth in neonatal period is more than other periods with increasing of calory requirements day by day. Breast milk is considered the first line of neonatal feeding with high important value and less disadvantages. So, donor breast milk is present and was applied in centers in UK and USA and known as milk donor banks. Milk fortification and artificial formulas are present in special conditions e.g. glactosemia, LBW, VLBW and breast milk supplementation. In sick baby who cannot tolerate feeding, parenteral nutrition is applied to supply neonate with essential carbohydrates, fats, proteins, trace elements and vitamin requirements.Objectives: The aim of fluid and electrolyte therapy is to ensure a smooth transition from the aquatic in-utero environment to the dry ex-utero environment.