Controversies in treatment of ovarian cancer

Background: Ovarian malignant comprises a variety of tumors arising from the germ cells, stroma, or surfaces epithelium. Approximately 90% of ovarian cancers are common epithelial tumors which can be easily separated from germ cell and stromal tumors by symptoms, age at presentation, specific tumor marker determinations, morphology at imaging. Epithelial cancers arising from the epithelium of retention cysts are classified according to its behavior as borderline and malignant tumors. When ovarian cancer is mentioned, the malignant epithelial variety is implied by default. Epithelial ovarian cancer continues to hold the dubious distinction as the most deadly gynecologic cancer, with more women lying each year from it than from cervical and endometrial cancers combined. The risk of epithelial ovarian tumors increases with age, the majority of cases occurs predominantly in per- and post-menopausal women. However, tumors of germinal or embryonic origin are more frequent in young adults. It is estimated that 10% of all epithelial ovarian carcinomas are familial. Surgery is the cornerstone in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients with newly diagnosed disease, who are fit for surgery, should be considered for a full staging laparotomy for accurate information on disease stage. Histology from surgical removed tissue allows accurate staging according to FIGO. In women with low-risk early stage disease who wish to conserve their fertility, a unilateral .