Advances in phacoemulsification dynamics, tools, and techniques

The evolution of cataract surgical techniques over the past decades has been associated with a progressive decrease in the size of the cataract incision, Wound size has progressively decreased from 10.0 mm in intracapsular cataract extraction to 7.0 mm in extracapsular cataract extraction then to 5.5 mm. With the advent of phacoemulsification, the widespread use of foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) has allowed the cataract wound to decrease to 3.0 mm or less.