The Oral Manifestations Of Inhaled

Inhaled corticosteroids are now standard therapy in the management of asthma. Their proven efficacy and safety has led them to be regarded as the mainstay of therapy in the prophylaxis of asthma.The frequent use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), especially at higher doses, has been accompanied by concern about both systemic and local side effects. The systemic complications of ICSs have been extensively studied and are well-documented in the literature. There are comparatively few studies reporting on the local complications of ICSs.Compared with systemic side effects, the local side effects of ICSs are considered to constitute infrequent and minor problems.There is a range of local side effects that includes perioral dermatitis, tongue hypertrophy, oral and oropharyngeal candidiasis,pharyngeal inflammation, laryngeal disorders,cough during inhalation, and a sensation of thirst.Without a specific diagnosis, it is difficult to comment on the most appropriate therapy to treat these problems. No study has been performed to evaluate the value of any specific treatment. Most patients are advised to rinse their mouths and oropharynx by gargling with water immediately after using the inhaler. Provision of a spacer device is an attempt to minimize laryngeal and pharyngeal deposition of the inhaled material.