| Abstract: |
SUMMARYProteins constantly send messages, regulate cell division, influence tissue growth, transport oxygen, and block infection. In sum, they carry out all of the body’s vital functions. The field of proteomics studies proteins in an effort to catalog them and to understand their role in biology and pathology and so may be applied to early diagnosis and to optimizing treatment.Proteomics, in high throughput biology, involves separation of complex biological mixtures by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, characterization of all spots by high sensitivity tools including mass spectrometry (MS) and Edman degradation sequencing, and after that assignment of biological function based on powerful database searches and protein profiling patterns that reflect the cellular gene regulation. Several mass spectral techniques including ”peptide fingerprinting” by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF); and ”sequence tag search” by nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) have become the essential tools for rapid and sensitive screening of proteins.So, proteomics involve the use of technologies with the ultimate goal to characterize the information flow through the intra- and extracellular molecular protein networks that interconnect organ and circulatory systems together. These networks are both new targets for therapeutics themselves as well as support the dynamic changes that give rise to cascades of new diagnostic biomarkers. The analysis of human cancers can be used as a model for how clinical proteomics is having an impact for early detection, rational therapeutic targeting, and patient-tailored therapy.It was found that Proteomics, as it has been demonstrated in several research studies, can provide the identification markers for many diseases including cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases as C- and B- viral hepatitis, renal disorders, diabetes, neurological disorders via CSF analysis, organ transplantation associated conditions, as well as infertility.
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