| Abstract: |
Introduction: DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Insulin resistance is directly involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The insulin resistance syndrome includes well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as low HDL levels, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, which is highly correlated with small dense LDL and increased Lp(a) levels, which is cardiovascular risk factor. Dyslipidemia is found in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, associated with components of the metabolic syndromeObjective: the aim of work is to study Dyslipidemia ,especially Lp(a) level in addition to Carotid intima media thickness (CA-IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis in normal and impaired glucose tolerance offspring of type 2 DMSubject and methods: One hundred and fifty subjects were included in this study, they were divided into two main groups; Group(I) 50 apparently healthy subjects with no family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or obesity as control groupand Group(II) 100 non diabetic offspring of type 2 DM. They had +ve family history of diabetes mellitus.Result: statistically significant increase in the mean value ±SD of serum level of Lp(a) and CA-IMT in non diabetic impaired glucose tolerant offspring of type 2 diabetes as compared to each of non diabetic normal glucose tolerant group and control group, and in non diabetic normal glucose tolerant offspring as compared to control group,significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and CA-IMT versus each of LDL-Ch, triglycerides and cholesterol. Also, a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and CA-IMT and HDL-Ch. in non diabetic impaired glucose tolerant offspring of type 2 diabetes as compared to each of non diabetic normal glucose tolerant group and control group, and in non diabetic normal glucose tolerant offspring as compared to control group were detected in our study.Conclusion and Recommendations:- Lp(a) and CA-IMT were significantly increased in all non diabetic offspring of type 2 DM as compared to control group and in impaired glucose tolerant group as comapred to normal glucose tolerant group. So, the increase in serum level of Lp(a) and Increase of CA-IMT in non diabetic offspring of type 2 DM were associated with dyslipidemia, increasing severity of insulin resistance and increasing the degree of atherosclerosis, thereby, the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in those subjects who are genetically prone to the development of diabetes in the future. So, Lp(a) and CA-IMT might be useful as markers for early detection of prediabetic state even before the state of impaired glucose tolerance especially if insulin resistance is suspected or diagnosed. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of Lp(a) and CA-IMT in the pathphysiology of the atherosclerosis in offspring of type 2 DM.
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