DNA PLOIDY AND ONCOGENE EXPESSION AS DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PREMALIGNATLEIONS LESIONS OF PROSTATE

Summary and ConclusionProstate cancer is the commonest cancer of all ages and the second cause of death in America. (Weir HK, 2003).Dysplasia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were studied as pre malignant lesions in the glandular epithelium of the prostate gland for the possibility to malignant changes (Rekhi et al., 2004).To understand the changes of precancerous prostatic lesions that ended with prostate cancer the study will be extended to use the DNA analysis and immuno-histochemical study for C erb B2 as the rise of the parameter of cell cycle indices, aneuploidy changes in DNA content and over expression of C erb increase the risk of malignancy. DNA ploidy analysis might improve detection of adenocarcinoma in small core needle biopsy specimens. In most studies, there is a good correlation of DNA deploidy with histological grade. Low-grade tumors are generally DNA diploid, and high-grade tumors are more frequently DNA anaploidy (Sakr WA, 1997).This study was carried out in Zagazig university urology department in co-ordination with Pathology department from 2003 to 2006 upon on fifty-nine tissues, paraffine blocks. Thirty patients of them were benign prostatic hyperplasia, seven were prostatitis, fourteen were focal adenosis and eight patients were prostate cancer (we took them as a control group).We did to all cases DNA imaging study to assess DNA content, we measure cell cycle indices. Also we stained the biopsy by avidin biotin immuno-histochemical technique for Cerb B2.We found aneuploidy changes in all prostate cancer patients and most of focal adenosis cases. Also the parameters of cell cycle indices especially s-phase fraction shows statistically significant in compare to BPH and prostatitis.In case with focal adenosis changes in histopathological study, we must measure the proliferative indices and immuno-histochemical study for Cerb B2 of these cell to be sure if there is no mutation or malignant transformation present in this lesion. So histopathological changes must be taken in cosidration with restict follow up Biospy and PSA.