physiological changes associated with pregnancy

there is a real need to stress the clinical relevance of physiological changes associated with pregnancy as it is necessary to provide surveillance throughout pregnancy to identify risk factors at the earliest possible moment.The cardiovascular system has shown many changes during in the first trimester.it is reduced in late pregnancy when the women lies supine, due to compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus.the increase in cardiac output is associated increase in heart rate by about 15 beats per minute.