ROLE OF TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND SEMINAL VESICULOSCOPY IN EVALUATION OF CASES WITH HAEMOSPERMIA

SummaryMost men under 40 years of age who present with haemospermia will have an inflammatory cause or fall into the essential group. It is usually intermitted, benign and self limiting. In patients over 40 years, other symptoms will often be present and pathology will be found. TRUS is a noninvasive, safe method for the investigation of cases of hamospermia, furthermore, TRUS could demonstrate latent disease and exclude malignancy of the prostate and seminal vesicles in patients with haemospermia. TRUS should be the first radiological investigation to be performed in patients presenting with haemospermia. Seminal vesiculoscopy provides useful information in diagnosis and treatment of haemospermia but it is a difficult procedure and has many complications. With the use of flexible ureterorenoscope, we hope the procedure may be easily performed than with the use of rigid ureteroscope.ConclusionAlthough many authors consider haemospermia to be a benign condition, all efforts should be made to clearly determine the aetiology of bleeding, as advances in noninvasive imaging techniques have greatly facilitated the diagnosis of haemospermia. A thorough history and physical examination, accompanied by focused examination of biological fluids and screening by transrectal ultrasound will reduce the number of ”idiopathic” cases of haemospermia, identify serious pathology and enable treatment early in the course of the disease. However, seminal vesiculoscopy may add useful information about haemospermia but it is difficult, traumatic procedures and need more fine endoscopic equipment.References