The investigation was carried out in an elementary and primary school children . The population studied consisted of apparently healthy 4-to12-years-old children attending one school. A total of 500 children, 280 males (56%) and 220 females (44%) children from that school participated in the investigation. The total children were from the same locality, with the same socioeconomic environment .The parents were first informed about the life cycle of the parasite and the rout of infection. The questionnaire requested :1. Name , date of birth , and sex of the child .2. Putative risk factors for infection , i.e. the presence of dogs and cats in the home , contact with animals outside the home , and use of public playgrounds .In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.2- CT scanning.3- MRI4- Histopathological analysis.The lesions encountered in our study were classified into 22 malignant lesions and 8 of benign nature.The malignant lesions were further subdivided into tumors arised from the nasopharynx itself, they were squamous cell carcinoma in 12 patients, lymphoma in 8 patients, and malignant tumors extended to the nasopharynx in the form of chordoma and carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.Eight patients with benign lesions were included in our series, further subdivided into 6 cases arised from the nasopharynx, they were 3 cases of angiofibroma, 3 cases of adenoids, or direct extension from adjacent structures in two cases, one case of nasal angiofibroma and the other was pleomorphic adenoma of the deep part of the parotid gland.Both CT and MRI were done for all our patients, CT was effective in the determination of the lesion, extension, other close association, the bone destruction and abnormal calcifications inside the tumor, however CT failed to distinguish between the tumor itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures.MRI is a sensitive technique in good differentiation between the tumor itself and the surrounding structures, the extension and the obliteration of the surrounding spaces, MRI has also good advantages of determination of the intracranial extension.In conclusion:The Computed Tomography is effective in imaging of the nasopharyngeal lesions as if they are primarily arise from or as an extension from the parapharyngeal structures. It also provides a good details about the nature of the lesion, density, extension and other association and presence of calcifications or bone destruction, which is deficient in MR imaging.The advantages of MR imaging with its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, absence of bone hardening artifacts, and ability to image in multiplanner fashion has allowed to image the deep fascial structures as well as the distinction between the tumor and the surrounding soft tissue is easier than that of computed tomography.So both CT and MRI are well-established methods in diagnosing diseases of the nasopharynx and its surrounding.The recommended diagnostic strategy for mass lesions of the nasopharynx and surrounding structures is to use Gd-enhanced MRI as a primary study and contrast enhanced CT as a secondary study for the evaluation of fine bony details.Summary and conclusionThe aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass.This study was done during the period from June 2002 to December 2003 in Radiology Departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, their ages ranged from 5 to 69 years.The patients were subjected to:1- Clinical examination.6- The patient age at the time of injury e.g. partial or complete epiphyseal arrest in the young child provides a far greater problem than that in the adolescent.The methods of treatment of sequele of epiphyseal injuries are very important includes:1-Treatment of partial growth arrest by osseous bridge resection and implant but failure of the technique may occur, producing erbridging.2- Correction of the angular deformity by osteotomy or epiphyseal stapling.3- Epiphyseal distraction either asymmetrical distraction in angular deformity or symmetrical distraction in complete epiphyseal arrest.4- Epiphyseal transplantation either with or without blood supply the results are only experimental and have no specific indications for use except when a growth center is completely lost with the injury.Summary and conclusionFor management of neglected epiphyseal injuries fundamental points must be clarified:1- The nature of the initial physeal injury.2- If the physeal injury is open or closed.3- The location of the cleavage plane through the zones of the epiphyseal pate.4- The anatomical location of the epiphyseal fracture.5- The adequeacy of the treatment of recent epiphyseal injury.6- The patient age at the time of injury e.g. partial or complete epiphyseal arrest in the young child provides a far greater problem than that in the adolescent.The methods of treatment of sequele of epiphyseal injuries are very important includes:1-Treatment of partial growth arrest by osseous bridge resection and implant but failure of the technique may occur, producing erbridging.2- Correction of the angular deformity by osteotomy or epiphyseal stapling.The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.