SUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RI30 patients with ulnar shaft fractures.Patients were classified according to their age, sex, fracture type (closed or open), causative trauma, fracture configuration and location and associated injuries.The management of the fractures started with the diagnosis both clinical and radiological and management of the closed fractures. It was followed by managing certain problems as: open fractures, Galeazzi fracture-dislocation and Monteggia fracture. Full description of the Be. Te. Intramedullary Forearm Nail System had been discussed. At the same time the advantages and tactics of application of the new intramedullary nailing were explained as a method of internal fixation of forearm fractures. The technical steps of reduction and intramedullary nailing of the fractures were discussed. The post-operative care of closed fractures included no immobilization in 71% of cases, posterior slab and orthosis in 19% and long arm cast in 10% of the closed fracture cases. Open fracture cases (18 cases) managed by meticulous debridment, copious irrigation with sterile saline and stabilization of the fracture by intramedullary nailing. Post-operative management included: Antibiotic regimen and immobilization in light soft dressing (56%), above elbow posterior slab, orthotic device (22%) and a long-arm cast (22%).The results of the study had been assessed utilizing a special scheme of evaluation consisted of eight parameters:1- Pain. 2- Union. 3-Range of motion.4- Deformity. 5- Infection. 6- Grip strength.7- Ability to work. 8- Bone - Implant construct failure.The study ended with the following results:Excellent: 65 cases (63.1%).Good: 21 cases (20.4%).Fair: 9 cases (8.7%).Poor: 8 cases (7.8%).Some complications developed in our study including: Infection, delayed-union, non-union, malunion, nerve injury (posterior interosseous and superficial branch of radial nerve), implant-bone disproportion and failure to achieve proper stability of fractures. The rate of complications was similar to many previous studies.The final results of the study had been analyzed and compared with results of other similar studies. The total ”Excellent” and ”Good” cases were 86 cases (83.5%) and if the ”Fair” results - which were considered as ”satisfactory” results in other studies - were added, the net functional result would be 92.2% which is similar to - and might be higher than - other studies.ConclusionsAnatomical reduction and internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in adults is mandatory to achieve a satisfactory functional result. The use of intramedullary nailing particularly the closed technique is a preferred method for internal fixation because of: minimal surgical exposure, less scarring and disfigurement, lowered risk of infection, lower risk of soft tissue injury, less risk of refracture after implant removal and minimal period of convalescence.The use of intramedullary nailing in closed and some open (Grade I, GradeII and GradeIIIA) diaphyseal fractures of the forearm is recommended as evidenced by the results of the present study.