Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).? Regarding accuracy in the evaluation of extranodal lymphoma CT was better than US with a sensitivity of (95%) and specificity of (90.9%). CT in addition to visualizing lymph node enlargement, offer more information about the extent of the lesion with involvement of the intra-abdominal nodes and extranodal organs.? On gastrointestinal lymphoma US can be used as an initial approach whenever there is a clinical suspicion of the intestinal lymphoma. However, the US demonstration of the small bowel loops may be obscured by over lying air in the adjacent loops, there fore, negative US findings cannot excluded the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, with a sensitivity of (55.6%) and specificity of (71.4%).? Regarding gastrointestinal lymphoma CT has been proven to be more sensitive than US in revealing bowel wall thickening with sensitivity of (100%), so CT must be performed for staging of the disease and assessment of the extension of the mass.Summary and ConclusionThis study included 30 patients, they were 20 males and 10 females and their age ranged from 1 year to 15 years old.Detailed personal history was taken, full clinical examination and laboratory investigation were performed prior imaging.Abdominal distention was the most common presentation seen in 53.3% of cases.Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomograhpy were performed in all cases.NHL accounts for about 63.3% of cases and HD for about 36.7% of cases.The results of these diagnostic modalities were recorded, analyzed and compared to the final diagnosis. Which was based on clinical follow up and histopathological findings.From the study we can conclude the following points:? HD and NHL may involve any organ or organ system where lymphoid tissue is found.? US are modalities of choice for the initial imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in children, the technique is non-invasive and? most children can be examined without sedation. The lack of exposure to radiation is important and examination can be repeated at frequent interval if required.? Sensitivity in the detection of different groups of lymph node enlargement is definitely higher using CT (100%) than US (70%).Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Clinical diagnosis is not easy because symptoms and signs are not specific and dramatic. Laboratory indicators, such as complete blood count, ratio of immature to total neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) do not have high sensitivity especially if measured early in the course of sepsis.Since the outcome and prognosis depend on early and efficient antibiotic therapy, there is a need for sensitive and specific indicators for sepsis at the stage of the disease.Blood culture was the most acceptable diagnostic tool for sepsis but its report is not available before 48-72 hours.Deterioration of clinical conditions may occur very rapidly before blood culture results are available. So we should try to put strategy for early management of neonatal septicemia before appearance of blood culture results.This study was conducted on: 100 neonates diagnosed as septicemia based on clinical picture and positive blood culture, these septicemic neonates were divided into two main groups:Group I - Full term group: 50 neonates, 29 male and 21 female.Group II - preterm group: 50 neonates 32 male and 18 female.All neonates were subjected to the following:- Full Clinical history taking.- Laboratory investigations include:• CBC• CRP• Band cells• Blood culture and sensitivity tests• CSF for suspected cases of meningitis- X-ray for cases of respiratory distress.The result of our study revealed the following:- The clinical findings were variable and the most frequent clinical findings was weak reflexes with no statistical significance difference between two groups.- The most frequent maternal risk factor was PROM and low birth weight as regard neonatal risk factors in two main groups.- TLC show significant elevation in most cases with significant neutrphilia and show statistically significant difference between two main groups.- Band cells was increased in all cases .- HB% was significantly reduced in most cases.- Platelet show significant thrombocytopenia in some cases.- CRP was elevated in all cases.- As regarding blood culture the commonest organism in all cases was Klebsiella (29%), in preterm group the commonest organism was staph-aureus (36%) but in full term group was Klebsiella (32%). In early onset sepsis the most common organism was Klebsiella (30%) but in late onset sepsis was staph-aureus and Klebsiella in equal percentage.- As regard antibiotics sensitivity the most sensitive antibiotics to all isolated bacteria were impienam and amikacin, for both gram -ve, and gram positive species.We conclude that bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotics sensitivities can easily recognized but its results not available before 48-72 hours. Also this bacteriological profile was different even in the same NICU in different times in the year.