| Abstract: |
Wrinkles are modifications of the skin associated with cutaneous aging that develop preferentially on sun-exposed skin. Facial static wrinkles may be caused by intrinsic factors as aging, racial and genetic factors, hormonal status, and intercurrent diseases or by extrinsic factors as exposure to ultraviolet radiation, air pollution and cigarette smoke. Unlike these static wrinkles of the face, the dynamic wrinkles of the face occur because the superficial muscles of facial expression insert directly into the undersurface of the skin. When these mimetic muscles contract, they pull on the skin, moving it, and causing wrinkling that is generally perpendicular to the direction of muscle contraction. Many treatment modalities are now available for the improvement or the eradication of facial wrinkles. They include resurfacing modalities, fillers, Botulinum toxins and surgical treatment. Proper patient selection, utilizing the specific technique suitable for particular patient in conjunction with the patient’s needs are the most important aspects in obtaining consistent results following treatment.Further studies in the future about combination procedures will be of great importance in achieving better results. Laser resurfacing using CO2 and Er:YAG lasers can be combined effectively with chemical peeling and Botox can be combined with soft tissue augmentation with better results than each alone. Finally, each person is unique and patient selection is mandatory as there is no one modality that is best for everyone.
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