SummeryThis work included 30 patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed degenerative cervical disc disease and received surgical treatment. The aim of this work was directed at evaluations of surgical treatment in management of patients with degenerative cervical disc disease.The results were as follow:I- The age incidence ranged from 26-69 years.II- Pathology: patients of cervical disc disease have beencategorized into 4 groups according to pathology.A) Unilateral soft disc protrusion with nerve rootcompression.B) Foraminal spur, or hard disc, with nerve root compression.C) Medial soft disc protrusion with spinal cord compression.D) Transverse ridge or cervical spondylosis with spinal cordcompression - soft disc herniations usually affect onelevel whears hard disc can be multiple.III- Clinical picture: According to clinical presentation patientswere classified in to 2 groups.1) Group (A) with radiculopathy (21cases).2) Group (B) with myelopathy (9cases).(A) Radicolopathic group (21 patients):1- Onset: 8 patients had acute onset, 11 patients had insidiousonset and 2 patients had acute on top of chronic onset.2- Radicular pain was the initial symptom in all cases.3- Radicular numbness was present in all cases.4- Neck pain was present in all cases.5- The patients were classified according to the clinical course into 3 groups.Progressive - radicular pain (66.7 %).Stationary - radicular pain with recurrent exacerbation(14,3 %).Intermittent - radicular pain with progressive neurologicaldeficit (19 %).6- The duration of symptoms ranged from 4 week to 49 weeks.(B) Myelopathic group (9 patients):1- Onset: 2 patients had acute onset, 5 patients had insidiousonset, 2 patients had acute on top of chronic onset2- Course: One patient had stationary course, two patients hadintermittent course, six patients had progressive course.3- Duration of symptom: raged from 3 week to 19 week withmean duration was (11).4- Severity of the disease: according to Nurick’s gradingsystem of myelopathy (44.4%) were present in grade (I)(22.2 %) were present in grade (II) (22.2 %) were present ingrade (III) and (11.1%) were present in grade IV5- Sphincteric dysfunction: (55.6 %) were present In grade (III)(22.2 %) were present in grade (II) (22.2%) were present ingrade (I) No patient was present in grade (0).IV- Radiological evaluation: roentgen x ray & M.R.I were theroutine investigation in evaluation in cases of degenerativecervical disc disease for:a) Detection of ostephyte formationb) Confirmation of disc herniationc) Determination of the level of disc herniationC4-5 6C5-6 15C6-7 9V- Surgical treatment:A) Anterior cervical disectomy was performed in (96.97%) ofcases: single level (83.33%), double level (16.67%).B) Disectomy with bone graft and fixation using plate andscrews in (3.33%) of cases. Posterior longitudinal ligamentwas intact in 86.66% of cases posterior longitudinalSUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Recents reports have investigated the role of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography as a means of detecteding gynecologic malignancies. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, depth of myometrial invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma .In this study , two groups of patient were included. Non malignant group comprised 60 patients and malignant group comprised 15 patients.All the patients in both groups were subjected to through history , through clinical examination and then TVS with color flow and pulsed Doppler study and finally from every patient endometrial biopsy was taken which was subjected to:- Routine histopathological examination .The results were statistically analyzed and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma are calculated .In this study , 75 patients included presented by abnormal uterine bleeding . Histological examination reveals that 15 cases (20%) proved to be endometrial carcinoma , 46 cases (61%) endometrial hyperplasia , 2 cases (3%) secretory endometrium , 5 cases (7%) proliferative endometrium , 6 cases (8%) atrophic endometrium , and only 1 case (1%) proved to be endometrial polyp . The sonographic finding in cases of endometrial carcinoma were charecterized by an endometrial thickness more than 10 mm . Non of the cases of endometrial carcinoma had endometrial thickness less than 10 mm , while all cases of atrophic endometrium had endometrial thickness less than 5mm . 32.6 % of cases of endometrial hyperplasia had endometrial thickness 5-10 mm , while 67.4 % more than 10 mm . The mean endometrial thickness of non malignant group was 11.23 + 6.04 while in malignant group was 20.67 + 6.58 and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001)Endometrial thickness greater than 13 mm , which is hypoechoic or inhomogenous with presence of intratumoral blood vessels with RISUMMARYEndomtrial carcinoma is the commonest invasive malignancy of the female genital tract in both the united kingdom and united states of America . It is the fourth commonest cancer in women and the most curable of the 10 most common cancers in women.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe solitary thyroid nodule is defined as a single discrete mass in an otherwise impalpable gland, whereas the preferred term for a similar swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of a palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity is “dominant”.Solitary thyroid nodules present in approximately 4 percent of individuals, however single nodules are about four times more common in women than in men. The mean age of incidence was 20 to 60 years old.Surgical trends have been directed toward less invasive procedures, especially since the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic procedures are being applied in various fields because they produce less pain and better cosmetic results.Thyroidectomy is a procedure that can be safely performed in most clinical settings and therefore it is difficult to define why one should perform it by a minimally invasive approach and which advantages one should expect from these techniques. However, a minimally invasive approach should guarantee better cosmetic results. This is particularly true when dealing with small nodules, which would have to be retrieved by traditional cervicotomy, leaving an unnecessarily large scar. This is very important because the majority of patients are young women, for whom the esthetic appearance is very important. Furthermore the minimally invasive approach should also provide a better postoperative course, reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.This study was carried on twenty patients with solitary thyroid nodule who were admitted to the general surgery department, Zagazig university hospital, during the period from September 2004 to august 2005. to assess the video-assisted endoscopy as a new technique in management of solitary thyroid nodule, and to compare it with conventional thyroidectomy. The patients were 16 females and 4 males. Their ages range between 18 and 45 years with a mean age of 26 years. 8 patients were treated with assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (7 females and a male), the other 12 patients were treated with conventional thyroidectomy (9 females and 3 males).The challenge of the video-assisted approach is to be able to perform a thyroid lobectomy (or a total thyroidectomy) in a minimally invasive way, using the same technique as for conventional surgery to guarantee safe control of the vascular pedicles and to localize and avoid damage to the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve.All the patients have been subjected to the following preoperative assessment : full history sheet was taken from each case, general examination, local examination of the neck region, indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of vocal cords mobility, laboratory investigation in the form of routine investigation (as, complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, PT, PTT and ESR), serum T3, T4 and TSH, neck ultrasound, FNAC of the thyroid nodule with sonar guided and thyroid scanning (Tcm99) for selected cases.The patients were divided to two groups:Group I (n = 12) were submitted for conventional thyroidectomy.Group II (n = 8) were submitted for video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy.In Conclusion, Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery is an innovative, attractive, and promising approach for the surgical treatment of small thyroid lesions. The procedure is safe, requiring only simple instrumentation, but it also requires a precise and gentle surgical technique that follows the same surgical rules as the classical approach. This technique yields excellent results in terms of cosmoses and the postoperative patient comfort.Although larger series of patients will be necessary before deciding to introduce minimally invasive thyroid surgery in selected centers. It can be concluded that MIVAT is a safe procedure offering some advantages to patients who, at present, still represent only a minority whom undergo thyroid surgery.