Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is one of the most common problems that caused maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of premature rupture of membranes, find out the risk factors associated with PROM and assess the impact of PROM on maternal and neonatal conditions.A questionnaire and assessment sheets were developed by the researcher and used on 300 parturient women, (150) having PROM, (150) having intact membranes, selected purposively from Labor Unit at Zagazig University Hospital.A pilot study was carried out on 40 parturient women to evaluate the content of the questionnaire and assessment sheets as well as to estimate the time needed for data collection.The study results can be summarized as follows:Demographic and obstetric characteristics demonstrated that, parturient women who had PROM were more likely to be younger (8.7%) and older age (16.7%) than control group (6.7% and 10.7% respectively).Women who have PROM were housewives (83.3%) compared toRegarding obstetric characteristics, nearly half of women (40%) in case group and 28.7% in control group were primigravida.Predisposing factors to PROM as revealed by this study were: anemia (23.3%), previous history of PROM (10.6%) in case group. Frequency of last coitus before PROM was also examined as predisposing factor, indicating that only 28.0% in case group and 23.4% Infection association with PROM was indicated by maternal temperature, abdominal tenderness and mothers C-reactive protein.According to maternal temperature, it was found that temperature ranged from 36.6-38ºC in the case group and 36.8-38.5ºC. in the control group. Pulse rate ranged from 60-100 b/min in the case group and 70-110 b/min in control group.As regards the effect of PROM on maternal outcome findings demonstrated that it was through duration and progress of labor in each stage. Duration of first stage managed between 5-22 hours; while 2nd stage ranged between 20-50 minutes and 3rd stage rangedConcerning, the mode of delivery, 61.3% of mothers had normal vaginal delivery with or without episiotomy and 38% delivered by cesarean section and (0.7%) delivered by forceps. The main complications, were fetal distress (20.7%), Meconium stained (6.0%), Regarding fetal and neonatal outcomes near to revealed that mean Apgar score ranged between 5-7 during 1st minuet and 8-10 during 5th minuteConcerning Ballard scale, the mean neurological score was 19.3% in the case group and 14.1% in the control group, in the same way, mean total Ballard score was 39.9% in the case group and 32.3% in the control group.REFERENCESAbele-Horn M, Peteres J and Genzel–Boroviczeny O (1997): Vaginal urea plasma urealyticum colonization: Influence on pregnancy outcome and neonatal morbidity. Infection; 25: 286-291.Abdel-Kader MM (1997): Premature rupture of membranes and bacterial vaginosis. Thesis of Master Degree in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, p. 131.Abou-seeda, M.M. and Abdel-Hady, M.M. (1990): Can C-reactive protein be a useful tool to diagnosis preclinical chorioamnionitis. Ain Shams Medical Journal, 41:429-433.Allaire AD (1998): Initial and repeat screening for Chlamydia trachomatis during pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 6(3):116-122.