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Response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to supplemental DL-methionine and different feeding strategies
Faculty
Veterinary Medicine
Year:
2012
Type of Publication:
Article
Pages:
365-370
Authors:
Nwanna, L. C, Lemme, A, Metwally, Abdallah, Schwarz, F. J
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.044
Journal:
AQUACULTURE ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Volume:
356
Research Area:
Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology
ISSN
ISI:000306171100046
Keywords :
Common carp, DL-methionine, Feeding strategies, Nutrient utilization
Abstract:
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an agastric fish, meaning absorption of nutrients is highly dependent on the rate of feed passage in the gut. Two diets and 3 feeding strategieswere used in a 2x3 factorial experiment, conducted to determine whether utilization of supplemental DL-methionine (DL-Met) interacts with feeding strategies. Diets 1 and 2 contained, respectively, no Met supplementation (Met deficient diet with Met level of 0.45\% Met in DM) and supplemented with DL-Met (Met balanced diet with Met level of 0.86\% Met in DM). The three feeding strategies included, hand feeding twice daily to apparent satiation (feeding strategy 1), pair feeding the same amount of feed as in strategy 1 continuously by means of an automatic feeder over 2x6 h periods (feeding strategy 2), and continuously feeding a fixed rate of 1.4\% BW using an automatic feeder (feeding strategy 3). The fish, with a mean initial weight of 239 g, were fed for 82 days in a recirculation system. The results indicated that supplementation of DL-Met in the diet improved (P<0.05) final weight(483 vs. 424 g), daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency (1.60 vs. 1.92 g DM weight gain(-1)) and protein digestibility (90.7 vs. 87.9\%). Supplemented DL-Met also resulted in increased carcass protein and reduced carcass fat. Plasma levels of methionine and arginine were higher with supplemented dietary DL-Met, while plasma levels of lysine and serine were lower (P<0.05). Feeding strategy also affected performance and except for feed efficiency no interactions with dietary methionine supply were detected. Compared to feeding strategy 1 feeding strategies 2 and 3 improved (P<0.05) protein digestibility, whereas only feeding strategy 3 increased organic matter digestibility. Continuous feeding (strategies 2 and 3) increased (P<0.05) final weight, daily weight gain and improved feed efficiency. The positive impact of continuous feeding (strategies 2 and 3) compared to twice daily feeding was more pronounced with Diet 1 indicating that also at low feeding frequency supplemental DL-Met is effectively utilized for growth. Feeding strategy 3 was accompanied with a lower feed consumption in comparison to feeding strategies 1 and 2. Feeding strategy did not influence the chemical composition of the carp. The study established that DL-Met can be an effective nutrient for carp, that feeding frequency impacts nutrient utilization and that this effect is not restricted to DL-Met supplemented diets. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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