Model realization using sensitivity functions

time invariant model realization usingty functions are presented. These concepts involve approachingmodeling problem from an error gradient minimization view-This leads to the attai nment of a mi ni ma 1 index of performance(lP) and. consequently, emulates a desired device modeleither in the frequency or time domain.the frequency domain the problem of characterizing the ACdients for a small signal transistor model is considered.al of the weighted squared-error is the IP functionalrated. It is found that the error gradients all contain aexpression whose val ues, when chosen properly, create zerogradients and a zero valued (globally minimal) IP functional.a graphical analysis routine based on the similarity expressionloped to provide the advantages listed below:(1) Simplicity. This technique requires no optimization schemeand completely eliminates computer computation costs.(11) Insensitive madel. A design scheme is affixed to thegraphical analysis scheme so as to yield insensitive voltageand/or current transfer functions; with respect to drifts inhie and hoe transistor parameters.